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Exam 17: The Citric Acid Cycle

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Question 21

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Which of the following enzymes are found in the glyoxylate cycle but not in the citric acid cycle?

A) malate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase
B) glyoxylate synthase and malate synthase
C) isocitrate lyase and malate dehydrogenase
D) malate synthase and isocitrate lyase
E) succinyl CoA synthetase and glyoxylate synthase

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Question 22

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Why is it necessary that there be a mechanism to replenish oxaloacetate?

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During periods of biosynthesis, oxaloace...

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Question 23

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For a single rotation of the Krebs cycle, are the acetyl carbons that enter the citric acid cycle the exact same carbons that leave as CO₂? Briefly explain.

Carbons from carbohydrates enter the citric acid cycle in the form of _______________.

What enzyme(s) is (are) responsible for the following reaction? Pyruvate + CoA + NAD⁺ $\rightarrow$ acetyl CoA + NADH + H⁺ + CO₂

Where in the cell is succinate dehydrogenase located?

Formation of citrate from acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate is a(n) _________ reaction.

Which of the following is toxic due to its ability to react with neighboring sulfhydryls of dihydrolipoyl groups, thus blocking their reoxidation to lipoamide?

In the citric acid cycle, one __________ is produced by a substrate-level phosphorylation.

Most organisms cannot convert ______________________ into glucose because of the two decarboxylations in the citric acid cycle.

What is the energy source that drives the condensation of oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA to produce citrate?

In which reaction is GTP (or ATP) directly formed in the citric acid cycle?

How is succinate dehydrogenase unique when compared to the other enzymes in the citric acid cycle?

The glyoxylate cycle enables plants to survive using only

Which of the following is the primary mode of regulation for the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

The ____________ cycle is a process by which plants and some bacteria can convert two-carbon acetyl units into four-carbon units (succinate) for glucose synthesis, energy production, and biosynthesis.

Starting with oxaloacetate in the glyoxylate cycle, identify what molecules enter and exit the glyoxylate cycle.

The ΔG˚′ =-21 kJ mol^-1 for the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase, yet the ΔG˚′ = +29.7 kJ mol^-1 for the reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase. Both of these reactions involve the oxidation of a secondary alcohol. Give an explanation as to why the oxidation of isocitrate is so exergonic.

_______________ is a citric acid cycle enzyme that is also an example of an iron-sulfur protein.

Which of the following is considered a product of the citric acid cycle?