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Exam 17: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

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Question 21

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Use the figure to answer the question. The figure shows a simple metabolic pathway. According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis, how many genes are necessary for this pathway?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) It cannot be determined from the pathway.

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Question 22

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Which one of the following statements about RNA processing is correct?

A) Exons are cut out before mRNA leaves the nucleus.
B) Ribozymes may function in RNA splicing.
C) RNA splicing can be catalyzed by tRNA.
D) A primary transcript is often much shorter than the final RNA molecule that leaves the nucleus.

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Question 23

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In eukaryotic cells, transcription cannot begin until

Which of the following statements best describes the significance of the TATA box in the promoters of eukaryotes?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the effect a nonsense mutation would have on a gene?

According to the central dogma, what is the intermediate molecule involved in the flow of information in a cell that should go in the blank? DNA → ________ → Proteins

Codons are three-base sequences in mRNA that specify the addition of a single amino acid to the growing protein chain during translation. How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?

Which of the following types of mutation, resulting in an error in the mRNA just after the AUG start of translation, is likely to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product?

The following question refers to this table of codons. Refer to the figure. Which of the triplets below is a possible anticodon for a tRNA that transports proline to a ribosome?

Which of the following DNA mutations is most likely to damage the protein it specifies?

Which of the following statements is the most current description of a gene?

The genetic code is redundant. What is meant by this statement?

What would be the consequence of a mutation in a bacterial cell that produces a defective aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that attaches a lysine instead of the normal phenylalanine to tRNAs with the anticodon AAA?

Using Figure 17.6, identify a 5′ → 3′ sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template strand for an mRNA coding for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Pro-Lys.

Which one of the following structures, if missing, would usually prevent translation from starting?

Use the figure to answer the question. The tRNA shown in the figure has its 3′ end projecting beyond its 5′ end. Which of the following processes will occur at this 3′ end?

Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of a signal peptide?

Which of the following characteristics is directly related to the coding of a single amino acid during the process of translation?

Use the following information to answer the question. A part of an mRNA molecule with the following sequence is being read by a ribosome: 5?-CCG-ACG-3? (mRNA) . The following charged transfer RNA molecules (with their anticodons shown in the 3? to 5? direction) are available. Two of them can correctly match the mRNA so that a dipeptide can form. $\begin{array} { | c | c | } \hline \text { tRNA Anticodon } & \text { Amino Acid } \\\hline \text { GGC } & \text { Proline } \\\text { CGU } & \text { Alanine } \\\text { UGC } & \text { Threonine } \\\text { CCG } & \text { Glycine } \\\text { ACG } & \text { Cysteine } \\\text { CGG } & \text { Alanine } \\\hline\end{array}$ Which of the following dipeptides will form from this mRNA?

Use the figure to answer the question. Refer to the metabolic pathway illustrated. If A, B, and C are all required for growth, a strain mutant for the gene encoding enzyme B would be able to grow on medium supplemented with which of the following nutrient(s) ?