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Exam 20: DNA Tools and Biotechnology

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Question 1

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What is the most favorable characteristic of retroviruses that makes them useful in gene therapy applications?

A) Retroviruses have an RNA genome.
B) Retroviruses possess reverse transcriptase.
C) DNA copies of retroviral genomes become integrated into the genome of the infected cell.
D) Retroviruses mutate often.

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Question 2

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Which of the following statements correctly describes how RNA interference (RNAi) silences selected genes?

A) Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules stop transcription from occurring.
B) Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules stop DNA replication from occurring.
C) Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules trigger the breakdown of a gene's messenger RNA.
D) Synthetic double-stranded RNA molecules stop mitosis from occurring.

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Question 3

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How have DNA microarrays made a huge impact on genomic studies?

One predicted aspect of climate change is that climates, including precipitation and temperature, over most of Earth will become more variable. Which of the following is a good strategy for genetically engineering crops if this is true?

A researcher is using adult stem cells and comparing them to other adult cells from the same tissue. Which of the following findings is likely from this comparison?

Which of the following is not true of cDNA produced using human brain tissue as the starting material?

In DNA technology, the term vector can refer to

Which of the following processes is most like the formation of identical twins?

Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of which of the following processes?

Which of the following enzymes is required to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from RNA?

The final step in a Sanger DNA sequencing reaction is to run the DNA fragments on a gel. What purpose does this serve?

Which of the following methods would be most successful in attempting to introduce a particular piece of DNA into an animal cell?

For a particular microarray assay (DNA chip) , cDNA has been made from the mRNAs of a dozen patients' breast tumor biopsies. Which of the following types of evidence will researchers be looking for in order to determine if the cells are cancerous?

In the form of gene therapy used successfully for severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome, SCID-X1, how is the genetic engineering of human cells achieved?

Expression of a cloned eukaryotic gene in a bacterial cell involves many challenges. The use of mRNA and reverse transcriptase is part of a strategy to solve the problem of

For which of the following processes can dideoxyribonucleotides be used?

In 1997, Dolly the sheep was cloned. Which of the following processes was used?

Use the following information to answer the question. In an experiment, DNA from the linear form of the bacteriophage Lambda was cut into fragments using the restriction enzyme Hind III. Hind III cuts the Lambda DNA between the adenine nucleotides on the complimentary strands in a specific sequence, as indicated in the diagram, producing eight different size fragments. These fragments are then separated with an electrical current based on size after the DNA fragments are placed in a porous gel, a process called gel electrophoresis. cut site $\downarrow$ $5^{\prime} \mathrm{A} \mathrm{A} \mathrm{GCTT3'}$ $3^{\prime}$ T TCGAA 5^' $\uparrow$ cut site Select an observation that best describes a correct aspect of the two processes of restriction Digest and gel electrophoresis.

Suppose that a researcher is successful at producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) for replacement of pancreatic insulin-producing cells for people with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following could still pose problems for this individual? I the possibility that, once introduced into the patient, the iPS cells produce non-pancreatic cells II the failure of the iPS cells to take up residence in the pancreas III the inability of the iPS cells to respond to appropriate regulatory signals

Why is sequencing an entire genome, such as that of C. elegans, a nematode, important for genetic research?