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Exam 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

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Question 21

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There are advantages and disadvantages to adaptations. Animals that are endothermic are likely to be at the greatest disadvantage in ________.

A) very cold environments
B) very hot environments
C) environments with a constant food source
D) environments with variable and limited food sources

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Question 22

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All types of muscle tissue have ________.

A) striated banding patterns seen under the microscope
B) cells that lengthen when appropriately stimulated
C) a response that can be consciously controlled
D) interactions between actin and myosin

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Question 23

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The metabolic rate of an animal is most accurately determined by ________.

In a cool environment, an ectotherm is more likely to survive an extended period of food deprivation than would an equally sized endotherm because the ectotherm ________.

Which of the following animals most likely uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation?

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Some animals have no gills when young, but then develop gills that grow larger as the animal grows larger. What is the reason for this increase in gill size?

Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) are born in freshwater environments and then migrate to the sea. Near the end of their lives, they return to the freshwater stream where they were born to spawn. In fresh water, water constantly diffuses into the body and ions are lost from the body. In salt water, body water diffuses out of the body and excess ions are gained from the water. A salmon's gills have special cells to pump salt in or out of the body to maintain homeostasis. In response to the salmon's moves between fresh water and salt water, some cells in the gills are produced and others are destroyed. These changes made in the cells of the gills during the lifetime of an individual salmon are an example of which of the following?

The body's automatic tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed as ________.

The metabolic breakdown of specialized brown fat deposits in certain animals is substantially increased during ________.

Elephants can often be observed cooling off by spraying water over their bodies with their trunks. What type of heat exchange is occurring?

The use of brown fat to generate metabolic heat is mostly limited to small mammals. What is the basis of this adaptation?

The temperature-regulating center of vertebrate animals is located in the ________.

Hummingbirds are small birds that require a regular food supply. When hummingbirds are faced with a situation that decreases their food supply, such as a storm, which of the following adaptations would be most useful for the bird to survive such an unpredictable and short-term absence of food resources?

Use the figure to answer the following question. The countercurrent arrangement of blood vessels is an adaptation that allows the goose to ________.

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

Much of the coordination of vertebrate body functions via chemical signals is accomplished by the ________.

Most types of communication between cells utilize ________.

Which principle of heat exchange is the most important explanation for why birds look larger in colder weather because they fluff their feathers?

Independent of whether an organism is an endotherm or ectoderm, the least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate is the amount of ________.