Question 1

Which of the following is a reason that specific pathogens tend to infect specific tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)   Some tissues have receptors for microbes, but others do not.
B)   There are chemical and physical differences between tissues.
C)   Tissues with neutral pH are colonized but those with acidic or alkaline pH are not.
D)   Microbes preferentially target external tissues, such as skin, as the environment is more favorable for their growth than inside the body.

Question 2

Gram-positive bacteria produce endotoxins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Hyaluronidase worsens infection by causing damage to red blood cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

HIV infection causes immunosuppression because it causes the destruction of CD4 lymphocytes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract form a

Accepted Answer

A)   dry and rigid barrier with tight junctions between cells.
B)   impenetrable barrier to infection.
C)   mucous membrane.
D)   connective tissue layer.

Question 6

When does an infection become a disease?

Accepted Answer

An infection becomes a disease...

Question 7

Endotoxins are released in large amounts only when cells lyse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which disease CANNOT be prevented via the use of a vaccine generated from an attenuated pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)   malaria
B)   measles
C)   mumps
D)   rubella

Question 9

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes strains can produce ________ that cause the severe and sometimes life-threatening symptoms of toxic shock syndrome.

Accepted Answer

A)   endotoxin
B)   superantigen toxins
C)   AB toxins
D)   cytolytic

Question 10

Virulence factors in Salmonella include antiphagocytic proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE about flagella?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are the most important structure in adherence.
B)   They are not involved in adherence and colonization at all.
C)   They are as important in adherence as pili and fimbriae.
D)   They may be involved in adherence to a lesser extent than pili and fimbriae.

Question 12

Clostridium botulinum are endospore-forming bacteria normally found in the soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Why does Neisseria gonorrhea adhere only to mucosal epithelial cells in the genitourinary tract, eye, rectum, and throat?

Accepted Answer

N. gonorrhea has a surface pro...

Question 14

Staphylococcus aureus produces ________, leading to fibrin clots that protect them from attack by host cells.

Accepted Answer

A)   collagenase
B)   coagulase
C)   lipase
D)   amylase

Question 15

What is the difference between adherence and colonization?

Accepted Answer

A)   Colonization occurs when transient microbes are on a tissue, whereas adherence is a more permanent attachment to cells.
B)   Colonization occurs when microbes begin to spread in host tissues, whereas adherence occurs when microbes initially attach.
C)   Colonization occurs when microbes begin to spread in host tissues, whereas adherence occurs when microbes first begin to reproduce in the host tissues.
D)   Colonization occurs when a microbe begins to grow in host tissues whereas adherence occurs when the microbe initially attaches.

Question 16

Decalcification of the tooth enamel is caused by

Accepted Answer

A)   lipopolysaccharide.
B)   dextrans.
C)   formic acid.
D)   lactic acid.

Question 17

The decrease or loss of virulence of a pathogen is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)   aging.
B)   attenuation.
C)   disinfectivity.
D)   lethal dose.

Question 18

Which genus produces hyaluronidase?

Accepted Answer

A)   Mycobacterium
B)   Streptococcus
C)   Shigella
D)   Procholorococcus

Question 19

Hormones that are produced under stress boost normal immune responses and play a role in stress-mediated disease resistance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a subunit of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   O-specific polysaccharide
B)   lipid A
C)   core polysaccharide
D)   M protein

Exam 25: Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Staphylococcus aureus produces ________, leading to fibrin clots that protect them from attack by host cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a reason that specific pathogens tend to infect specific tissues?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Clostridium botulinum are endospore-forming bacteria normally found in the soil.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Decalcification of the tooth enamel is caused by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is TRUE about flagella?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why does Neisseria gonorrhea adhere only to mucosal epithelial cells in the genitourinary tract, eye, rectum, and throat?

Correct AnswerverifiedN. gonorrhea has a surface pro...View AnswerShow Answer

Hyaluronidase worsens infection by causing damage to red blood cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Virulence factors in Salmonella include antiphagocytic proteins.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The decrease or loss of virulence of a pathogen is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Endotoxins are released in large amounts only when cells lyse.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes strains can produce ________ that cause the severe and sometimes life-threatening symptoms of toxic shock syndrome.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract form a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gram-positive bacteria produce endotoxins.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the difference between adherence and colonization?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

HIV infection causes immunosuppression because it causes the destruction of CD4 lymphocytes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a subunit of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which genus produces hyaluronidase?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hormones that are produced under stress boost normal immune responses and play a role in stress-mediated disease resistance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which disease CANNOT be prevented via the use of a vaccine generated from an attenuated pathogen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When does an infection become a disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedAn infection becomes a disease...View AnswerShow Answer

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N. gonorrhea has a surface pro...
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An infection becomes a disease...
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