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What is a natural monopoly and what problem does natural monopoly pose for regulators?

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A natural monopoly is a firm that can su...

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The social interest theory of regulation assumes that


A) regulations favor voters over producers.
B) regulations promote the attainment of competitive output.
C) public officials seek to keep their jobs.
D) public officials favor consumers over producers.

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  -If the firm in the figure above is unregulated, the deadweight loss will be A)  zero. B)  $100. C)  $200. D)  $400. -If the firm in the figure above is unregulated, the deadweight loss will be


A) zero.
B) $100.
C) $200.
D) $400.

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  -Interlace, Inc. produces and a unique soda. The company cannot price discriminate. The figure above shows Interlace's demand curve, marginal revenue curve, and marginal cost curve. When Interlace maximizes its profit, the deadweight loss is A)  zero. B)  $15,000. C)  $21,000. D)  $3,000. -Interlace, Inc. produces and a unique soda. The company cannot price discriminate. The figure above shows Interlace's demand curve, marginal revenue curve, and marginal cost curve. When Interlace maximizes its profit, the deadweight loss is


A) zero.
B) $15,000.
C) $21,000.
D) $3,000.

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Joe, a hair dresser, offers students a discount price on haircuts. This form of pricing is an example of


A) a marginal cost pricing rule.
B) an average cost pricing rule.
C) price discrimination.
D) perfect price discrimination.

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  -In the above figure, if a single-price monopolist charges the profit-maximizing price, the triangle dce represents A)  consumer surplus. B)  producer surplus. C)  deadweight loss. D)  marginal revenue. -In the above figure, if a single-price monopolist charges the profit-maximizing price, the triangle dce represents


A) consumer surplus.
B) producer surplus.
C) deadweight loss.
D) marginal revenue.

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For a monopolist, on the inelastic range of its demand


A) marginal revenue is negative.
B) marginal revenue is positive.
C) marginal revenue is equal to zero.
D) total revenue is maximized.

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  -Given the market demand and cost data in the above figure, the existence of two firms equal sized firms producing a total of 8 million cubic feet of natural gas means that the long-run average cost of producing natural gas is A)  10 cents per cubic foot. B)  20 cents per cubic foot. C)  30 cents per cubic foot. D)  40 cents per cubic foot. -Given the market demand and cost data in the above figure, the existence of two firms equal sized firms producing a total of 8 million cubic feet of natural gas means that the long-run average cost of producing natural gas is


A) 10 cents per cubic foot.
B) 20 cents per cubic foot.
C) 30 cents per cubic foot.
D) 40 cents per cubic foot.

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A price discriminating monopolist


A) produces more output than that produced by a single-price monopolist.
B) has a lower marginal cost than that incurred by a single-price monopolist.
C) makes a smaller economic profit than that earned by the single-price monopolist.
D) makes zero economic profit in the long run.

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Activity aimed at creating artificial barriers to entry into a particular market


A) is rent seeking.
B) has no social cost.
C) improves competition.
D) improves the economy's efficiency.

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In the case of a perfectly price-discriminating monopoly, there is no


A) transfer of consumer surplus to the producer.
B) deadweight loss.
C) short-run economic profit.
D) long-run economic profit.

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Firms that can price discriminate between customers do so to


A) increase consumer surplus.
B) increase employment.
C) increase their profit.
D) decrease the quantity they produce.

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A market in which competition and entry are restricted by the granting of a public franchise, government license, patent, or copyright is called a


A) legal monopoly.
B) natural monopoly.
C) single-price monopoly.
D) price-discriminating monopoly.

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Which of the following is TRUE for a perfect price-discriminating monopoly?


A) P = MR for each unit sold
B) P = ATC for each unit sold
C) P = MC for each unit sold
D) P > MC for each unit sold

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Suppose a firm is a natural monopoly. Then, until the long-run average cost curve crosses the demand curve, as the quantity increases the long-run average costs


A) increase.
B) decrease.
C) decrease and then increase.
D) increase and then decrease.

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Which of the following cannot be an effective entry barrier?


A) a firm making very high economic profits
B) a firm being granted a patent for its product
C) a firm owning all of a vital resource needed to produce a good
D) when huge economies of scale exist

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  -In the figure above, what is the loss of consumer surplus if the firm is a perfectly price-discriminating monopoly instead of a perfectly competitive industry? A)  $0 B)  $22.50 C)  $45.00 D)  $90.00 -In the figure above, what is the loss of consumer surplus if the firm is a perfectly price-discriminating monopoly instead of a perfectly competitive industry?


A) $0
B) $22.50
C) $45.00
D) $90.00

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  -The table above shows the demand and costs for a single-price monopolist. The firm will A)  maximize profit by producing 3 units. B)  maximize profit by producing 2 units. C)  operate on the inelastic portion of its demand curve. D)  operate on the unit elastic portion of its demand curve. -The table above shows the demand and costs for a single-price monopolist. The firm will


A) maximize profit by producing 3 units.
B) maximize profit by producing 2 units.
C) operate on the inelastic portion of its demand curve.
D) operate on the unit elastic portion of its demand curve.

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  -The table above gives the demand for a monopolist's output. What is the marginal revenue when output is increased from 5 to 6 units? A)  $18 B)  $4 C)  $3 D)  -$2 -The table above gives the demand for a monopolist's output. What is the marginal revenue when output is increased from 5 to 6 units?


A) $18
B) $4
C) $3
D) -$2

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  -The figure above shows the demand curve (D)  faced by Visual, Inc., a cable TV company, and the firm's marginal revenue (MR) , marginal cost (MC) , and average cost (LRAC)  curves. If Visual is regulated using rate of return regulation, and the regulator knows the firm's costs curves, the company will serve ________ million households and set a price of ________ per household per month. A)  2.5; $30 B)  3; $24 C)  4; $12 D)  2; $36 -The figure above shows the demand curve (D) faced by Visual, Inc., a cable TV company, and the firm's marginal revenue (MR) , marginal cost (MC) , and average cost (LRAC) curves. If Visual is regulated using rate of return regulation, and the regulator knows the firm's costs curves, the company will serve ________ million households and set a price of ________ per household per month.


A) 2.5; $30
B) 3; $24
C) 4; $12
D) 2; $36

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