Question 1

What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)   Immature immune system
B)   Small alveoli
C)   Surfactant deficiency
D)   Anemia C

Question 2

Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge?

Accepted Answer

A)   Trachea
B)   Left lung
C)   Bronchus
D)   Bronchioles

Question 3

Which option shows the correct sequence of events after atelectasis develops in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased pulmonary vascular resistance, atelectasis, hypoperfusion
B)   Hypoxic vasoconstriction, right-to-left shunt hypoperfusion
C)   Respiratory acidosis, hypoxemia, hypercapnia
D)   Right-to-left shunt, hypoxic vasoconstriction, hypoperfusion

Question 4

Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most often occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   0 and 1
B)   2 and 4
C)   5 and 6
D)   6 and 7

Question 5

Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation
B)   Respiratory disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging
C)   Pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein-producing viscous mucus that obstructs the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens
D)   Pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency

Question 6

Children diagnosed with chronic asthma are likely to exhibit which symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Nasal flaring
B)   Musical expiratory wheezing
C)   Clubbing of fingers and toes
D)   Substernal retractions
E)   Diaphoresis

Question 7

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Upper trachea obstruction

Accepted Answer

A)  Sonorous snoring
B)  Muffled voice
C)  High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse
D)  Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze
E)  Inspiratory wheezes

Question 8

Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infants are obligatory nose breathers.
B)   Their noses are small in diameter.
C)   Infants become dehydrated when mouth breathing.
D)   Their epiglottis is proportionally greater than the epiglottis of an adult's.

Question 9

What are the clinical manifestations of bacterial pneumonia in children? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Fever with chills
B)   Productive cough
C)   Dyspnea
D)   Respiratory alkalosis
E)   Malaise

Question 10

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Laryngeal problems

Accepted Answer

A)  Sonorous snoring
B)  Muffled voice
C)  High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse
D)  Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze
E)  Inspiratory wheezes

Question 11

Which type of croup is most common?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bacterial
B)   Viral
C)   Fungal
D)   Autoimmune

Question 12

What is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in children?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chronic respiratory infections
B)   Adenotonsillar hypertrophy
C)   Obligatory mouth breathing
D)   Paradoxic breathing

Question 13

Which statement best describes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation
B)   A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and the presence of bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray imaging
C)   A respiratory disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens
D)   A pulmonary disorder characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency B

Question 14

Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication?

Accepted Answer

A)   Retropharyngeal abscess
B)   Laryngospasms
C)   Rupturing of the tonsils
D)   Gagging induced aspiration

Question 15

Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process?

Accepted Answer

A)   Autosomal recessive inheritance
B)   Autosomal dominant inheritance
C)   Infection
D)   Malignancy

Question 16

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Nasopharyngeal obstruction,such as adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sonorous snoring
B)  Muffled voice
C)  High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse
D)  Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze
E)  Inspiratory wheezes A

Question 17

Which statement accurately describes childhood asthma?

Accepted Answer

A)   An obstructive airway disease characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperreactivity, and inflammation
B)   A pulmonary disease characterized by severe hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and diffuse densities on chest x-ray imaging
C)   A pulmonary disorder involving an abnormal expression of a protein, producing viscous mucus that lines the airways, pancreas, sweat ducts, and vas deferens
D)   An obstructive airway disease characterized by atelectasis and increased pulmonary resistance as a result of a surfactant deficiency

Question 18

Which criterion is used to confirm a diagnosis of asthma in an 8-year-old child?

Accepted Answer

A)   Parental history of asthma
B)   Serum testing that confirms increased immunoglobulin E (Ig
E)   and eosinophil levels
C)   Reduced expiratory flow rates confirmed by spirometry testing
D)   Improvement on a trial of asthma medication

Question 19

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem.
-Supralaryngeal obstructions

Accepted Answer

A)  Sonorous snoring
B)  Muffled voice
C)  High-pitched inspiratory sound, voice change, hoarse
D)  Expiratory stridor or monophonic wheeze
E)  Inspiratory wheezes

Question 20

Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cluster of differentiation (C
D)   4 T-helper Th1 lymphocytes
B)   CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes
C)   CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes
D)   Memory T lymphocytes

Exam 36: Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which option shows the correct sequence of events after atelectasis develops in respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Between which months of age does sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) most often occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement best describes cystic fibrosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children diagnosed with chronic asthma are likely to exhibit which symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Upper trachea obstruction

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the clinical manifestations of bacterial pneumonia in children? (Select all that apply.)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Laryngeal problems

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of croup is most common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the most common predisposing factor to obstructive sleep apnea in children?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement best describes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cystic fibrosis is caused by which process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Nasopharyngeal obstruction,such as adenotonsillar hypertrophy.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which statement accurately describes childhood asthma?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which criterion is used to confirm a diagnosis of asthma in an 8-year-old child?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the sound of stridor with the location of the problem. -Supralaryngeal obstructions

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which T-lymphocyte phenotype is the key determinant of childhood asthma?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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B

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A

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