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Exam 52: Behavioral Ecology

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Question 21

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Which of the following describes the process by which white-crowned sparrows learn the "crystallized" song for their species?

A) by listening to adult sparrow songs during a sensitive period as a fledgling, followed by a practice period until the juvenile matches its melody to its memorized fledgling song
B) by listening to the song of its own species during a critical period so that it will imprint to its own species song and not the songs of other songbird species
C) by performing the crystallized song as adults when they become sexually mature, as the song is programmed into the innate behavior for the species
D) by observing and practicing after receiving social confirmation from other adults at a critical period during their first episode of courtship behavior

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Question 22

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Scientists have tried raising endangered whooping cranes in captivity by using sandhill cranes as foster parents. Which fact prompted this strategy to be abandoned?

A) the fostered whooping cranes' critical period was variable such that different chicks imprinted on different "mothers"
B) sandhill crane parents rejected their fostered whooping crane chicks soon after incubation
C) none of the fostered whooping cranes formed a pair-bond with a whooping crane mate
D) sandhill crane parents did not properly incubate whooping crane eggs

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Question 23

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Listed below are four types of animal behavior. Choose the letter of the word or phrase (A-D) that is most associated with the following example. A. operant conditioning B. classical conditioning C. innate behavior D. imprinting Some dogs love attention, and Frodo the beagle learns that if he barks, he gets attention. Which of the following mechanisms results in this behavior?

Which of the following types of sensory signals is long-lasting and works during both day and night?

Although many chimpanzees live in environments with oil palm nuts, members of only a few populations use stones to crack open the nuts. The likely explanation is that ________.

Which of the following behaviors is represented by the tit-for-tat strategy of a vampire bat sharing blood with another bat that is not its kin?

Squirrels will make alarm sounds when a model of an owl is placed in their territory. When a red block the same size of the owl is placed in the territory, the squirrels show no alarm. Which of the following best explains these observations?

Which of the following best describes "game theory" as it applies to animal behavior?

Which of the following usually influences circannual rhythms in birds?

Which of the following is a type of natural selection that favors altruism by enhancing the reproductive success of relatives?

Listed below are four types of animal behavior. Choose the letter of the word or phrase (A-D) that is most associated with the following example. A. operant conditioning B. classical conditioning C. innate behavior D. imprinting Which of the following mechanisms helps a mother goat recognize its own kid by smell?

Listed below are four types of animal behavior. Choose the letter of the word or phrase (A-D) that is most associated with the following example. A. operant conditioning B. classical conditioning C. innate behavior D. imprinting Through trial and error, a rat learns to run a maze without mistakes to receive a food reward. Which of the following mechanisms results in the rat's behavior?

Which of the following examples best reflects the optimal foraging model?

A region of the canary forebrain shrinks during the nonbreeding season and enlarges when breeding season begins. This change is probably associated with the annual ________.

Studies, in which researchers compare the behavior of identical twins raised apart with the behavior of twins raised in the same household, are often used to study human behaviors. What types of behavior questions are best addressed by such research using human twins?

In testing a hypothesis that "territorial defense in European robins is a fixed action pattern that is released by the sight of orange feathers," researchers found that robins defended their territory by attacking a ball that was about the size of a European robin that had an orange patch. Which of the following would be the best test of the hypothesis that the color was the cue that triggered the defense response?

Fred and Joe, two unrelated, mature male gorillas, encounter one another. Fred is courting a female. Fred grunts as Joe comes near. As Joe continues to advance, Fred begins drumming (pounding his chest) and bares his teeth. Joe then rolls on the ground on his back, gets up, and quickly leaves. This behavioral pattern is repeated several times during the mating season. Which of the following is best illustrated by this example?

Which of the following treatments is most likely to prevent pair-bonding in a population of prairie voles?

Which of the following examples describes a behavioral pattern that results from a proximate cause?

With which of the following groups would a person collectively share the most alleles?