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Exam 3: The Chemistry of Water

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Question 21

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On a hot day, temperature of land rises more quickly than that of sea. Which of the following statements best describe the process?

A) specific heat of soil is less than water
B) specific heat of soil is more than water
C) It rains more over the sea.
D) Dry soil soaks more water.

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Question 22

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What is the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution of pH 5?

A) 10-9 M
B) 10-5 M
C) 10-12 M
D) 10-10 M

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Question 23

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Dilution of a buffer solution with a small amount of water will ________ the pH of the solution.

When an ionic compound such as sodium chloride (NaCl) is placed in water, the component atoms of the NaCl crystal dissociate into individual sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-) . In contrast, the atoms of covalently bonded molecules (e.g., glucose, sucrose, glycerol) do not generally dissociate when placed in aqueous solution. Which of the following solutions would be expected to contain the greatest number of solute particles (molecules or ions) ?

What is the hydroxide ion concentration of the lake described in question 3?

When carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves with the raindrops, what is the expected change in pH of the raindrops?

Rank, from low to high, the pH of blood, stomach acid, and urine.

Sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen but it is less electronegative than oxygen. Compared to water molecules, how will the H₂S molecules behave?

What kind of bonds are responsible for the unique cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion properties of water molecules?

We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their ________.

Identical heat lamps are arranged to shine on two identical containers, one containing water and one methanol (wood alcohol) , so that each liquid absorbs the same amount of energy minute by minute. The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. Which of the following graphs correctly describes what will happen to the temperature of the water and the methanol?

Rubbing alcohol swab on the skin feels cool because ________.

A solution of pH 7 is ________ than a solution of pH 8.

0.660 moles of NaCl are dissolved in 95.0 mL of water. Calculate the molarity of the NaCl solution.

A slice of pizza has 500 kcal. If we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 50-L container of cold water, what would be the approximate increase in the temperature of the water? (Note: A liter of cold water weighs about 1 kg.)

Which of the following is NOT impacted by the acidification of ocean water?

How are the hydrogen bonds formed between water molecules?

What kind of bond is formed between the two hydrogen atoms and the single oxygen atom?

Which of the following is a hydrophobic material?

How many grams of the compound in the figure are required to make 1 liter of a 0.5 M solution? (Note: The atomic masses, in daltons, are approximately 12 for carbon, 1 for hydrogen.)