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Exam 16: Nucleic Acids and Inheritance

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Question 1

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The lagging strand is characterized by a series of short segments of DNA (Okazaki fragments) that are joined together to form a finished lagging strand. The experiments that led to the discovery of Okazaki fragments gave evidence for which of the following ideas?

A) DNA polymerase synthesizes leading and lagging strands during replication only in one direction.
B) DNA is a polymer consisting of four monomers: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.
C) DNA is the genetic material that requires removal of short RNA segments to be functional.
D) Bacterial replication is fundamentally different from eukaryotic replication.

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Question 2

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Which of the following types of molecules help to hold the DNA strands apart while they are being replicated?

A) primase
B) ligase
C) DNA polymerase
D) single-strand DNA binding proteins

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Question 3

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Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between ATP used in metabolism and the nucleotides used as a building block during DNA synthesis?

A sample of double-stranded DNA contains 28% thymine. Approximately what percent of the nucleotides in this sample will be guanine?

Which of the following combinations of base pairs will be found in a molecule of DNA?

A phosphorescent red strain of bacteria is heat-killed and mixed with a living, colorless strain. Further observations of the mixture show that some of the living cells are now red. Which of the following observations would provide the best evidence that red color is a heritable trait?

What catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between a DNA strand and a new nucleotide being added during DNA replication?

The sequence of nucleotides below is present at a DNA location where the chain opens to form a replication fork: 3' C C T A G G C T G C A A T C C 5' An RNA primer is formed starting at the underlined T (T) of the template. Which of the following represents the primer sequence?

Frederick Griffith heat-killed a culture of pathogenic bacteria. He split the sample and injected half of it into mice. The mice lived. He then mixed the other half with a living, nonpathogenic bacteria strain and injected the mixture into mice. The mice died. These results best support which of the following conclusions.

Which of the following lists represents the order of increasingly higher levels of organization of chromatin?

Hershey and Chase set out to determine which type of molecule is used for genetic inheritance. They completed a series of experiments where E. coli was infected by a T2 virus. Which molecular component of the T2 virus ended up inside the cell?

In DNA replication in E. coli, the enzyme primase is used to attach a 5 to 10 base ribonucleotide strand complementary to the parental DNA strand. The RNA strand serves as a starting point for the DNA polymerase that replicates the DNA. If a mutation occurred in the primase gene, which of the following results would you expect?

What is the basis for the difference in how the leading and lagging strands of DNA molecules are synthesized?

In E. coli, which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand in the 5' → 3' direction?

Which of the following statements describes the process of transformation in bacteria?

Which of the following structural characteristics is most critical for the association between histones and DNA?

Which of the following is most likely to result if a cell is unable to produce histone proteins?

Histone proteins contain internal cores that are hydrophobic and surface amino acids that are positively charged. Which of the following characteristics of DNA would best support tight binding between DNA and histones?

In DNA polymerization, a phosphodiester bond is formed between a phosphate group of the nucleotide being added and which of the following atoms or molecules of the last nucleotide in the polymer?

E. coli cells grown on 15N medium are transferred to 14N medium and allowed to grow for two more generations (two rounds of DNA replication) . DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged. What density distribution of DNA would you expect in this experiment?