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Exam 22: Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

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Question 1

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What is the primary determinant of virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A) the presence of a particular Lancefield antigen
B) the production of pneumolysin
C) the presence of a polysaccharide capsule
D) the ability to lyse red blood cells
E) strain-specific teichoic acids in its cell wall

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Question 2

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Otitis media is a bacterial infection of the (ear/pharynx/sinuses).

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Question 3

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The structure indicated by the arrow connects the middle ear to what part of the respiratory system?

Why is immunity to the common cold so difficult to develop, either naturally or through vaccines?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding tuberculosis?

The "common cold" is so common because there of the large number of viruses that cause it.

The designation "group A," used to help classify Streptococcus pyogenes, refers to this bacterium's

Which of the following diseases is almost diagnostic for AIDS?

The majority of cases of pneumonia are caused by

Elongation factor, a protein required for eukaryotic (transcription/translation/expression), is the cellular target of the toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

A pneumonia caused by Gram-positive diplococci is known as

A nursing student develops a positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test. A history reveals possible exposure to patients with tuberculosis. A sputum sample is acid-fast negative. When asked for vaccination records, the student reports that childhood vaccination records were lost when the family emigrated from a Southeast Asian country. What is the best explanation for the test results?

Describe the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, paying special attention to the characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that make it so pathogenic.

A young man who works on a ranch and lives in the log bunkhouse experiences sudden fever with muscle aches. A few days later he begins to cough and have difficulty breathing, and goes to an urgent care clinic. His blood pressure is low. A blood sample reveals a low platelet count. A Gram stain of a sputum sample shows only a few small bacteria present. Which of the following is the most likely infecting agent?

Even though mycoplasmas pass through filters that normally trap bacteria, they are known to be bacteria, not viruses, because they

Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of sinus infections.

When Mycobacterium tuberculosis spreads to sites such as the bone marrow and spleen it results in (disseminated/secondary/reactivated) tuberculosis.

Otitis media is more common in adults than children because of differences in the anatomy of the head.

Pneumocystis jiroveci infects only immunocompromised patients.

The attachment protein for almost all rhinoviruses is (BCG/ICAM-1/IgA). (Be sure your answer is in uppercase letters.)