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The most closely related animal to vertebrates are the:


A) Hemichordata.
B) Urodela.
C) Cephalochordata.
D) Ophiuroidea.
E) Urochordates.

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Which of the following terms can be applied to both monotremes and sharks?


A) oviparous
B) viviparous
C) ovoviviparous
D) placental
E) eutherial

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Figure 32-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s) . Figure 32-1 Use the figure to answer the corresponding question(s) .   -Adult tunicates resemble __________ and are __________. A)  eels; carnivorous. B)  corals; photosynthetic C)  starfish; carnivorous D)  sponges; filter feeders E)  earthworms; detritivores -Adult tunicates resemble __________ and are __________.


A) eels; carnivorous.
B) corals; photosynthetic
C) starfish; carnivorous
D) sponges; filter feeders
E) earthworms; detritivores

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In which group did lungs first evolve?


A) cartilagineous fish
B) ray finned fish
C) lampreys
D) coelacanths
E) lungfish

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Echinoderms are related to Chordates because the first opening in development becomes the mouth. ____________________

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Prominent spines are found on __________ of the phylum Echinodermata.


A) Ophiuroidea
B) Echinoidea
C) Asteroidea
D) Concentricycloidea
E) Holothuroidea

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Which of the following characteristics does not apply to members of Protheria?


A) nocturnal
B) insectivores
C) aquatic
D) placental mammals
E) some weigh less than 5 g

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Which of the following is not a characteristic shared by all chordates at some point in their life cycle?


A) possession of a coelom
B) three primary cell layers
C) dorsal tubular nerve cord
D) pharyngeal gill slits
E) vertebrae

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Metamorphosis occurs in which of the following vertebrate classes?


A) Chondrichthyes
B) Reptilia
C) Myxiniformes
D) Amphibia
E) Actinistia

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Birds are most closely related to:


A) reptiles.
B) testudines.
C) mammals.
D) labyrinthodonts.
E) terrapins.

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Echinoderms are unusual invertebrates as they have all of the following except:


A) an endoskeleton.
B) pentaradial symmetry.
C) a water vascular system.
D) pedicellariae present in some classes.
E) small disc-shaped flat bodies.

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Sharks detect motion in the water or waves by their:


A) lateral lines.
B) electroreceptors.
C) keen olfaction.
D) sight.
E) dorsal fin.

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Mammals descended from a group of reptiles known as:


A) eutherians.
B) lancelets.
C) therapsids.
D) holothurians.
E) labyrinthodonts.

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MATCHING Match the order of the eutherian mammal with the description a.nails instead of claws; omnivores d.sharp pointed canine and molar teeth; complex social interactions; smart, strong,fast b.hoofed with even number of digits per foot; herbivores e.nocturnal; smallest mammal c.gnawing animals with chisel-like incisors that grow continually -Describe the modifications seen in birds for flight.Include modifications in as many body systems as possible.

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Concepts to Consider: Birds are light, a...

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Deuterostomes are characterized by __________ and __________ cleavage.


A) radial; determinate
B) radial; indeterminate
C) spiral; determinate
D) spiral; indeterminate
E) blastopore;synapomorphy

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Which of the following functions is not associated with the presence of feathers in birds?


A) temperature regulation
B) minimization of water loss
C) respiration
D) flight
E) protection

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All of the characteristics are seen only in mammals except:


A) hair.
B) mammary glands.
C) three middle ear bones.
D) incisors, canines, premolars, and molars.
E) diapsid skull.

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Urochordates are odd chordates, as typically only the __________ shows the basic chordate characteristics.


A) head end
B) tail end
C) adult
D) larva
E) egg

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The neural crest cells of vertebrates influence the development of all of the following except the:


A) lungs.
B) nerves.
C) cranium.
D) jaws.
E) head muscles.

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The most unique feature of the echinoderms is their:


A) digestive system.
B) nervous system.
C) closed circulatory system.
D) water vascular system.
E) mantle.

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