Question 1

A(n) ____________________ is a circle whose center moves in a circular orbit around the Earth.

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Question 2

In pre-Copernican astronomy, it was almost universally believed that

Accepted Answer

A)   the planets traveled in elliptical orbits about Earth.
B)   the center of the universe was the sun with the Milky Way representing other distant planets.
C)   the sun was at the center of the universe.
D)   Earth was at the center of the universe.
E)   None of the above was believed.

Question 3

Tides occur because the gravitational force of the moon on Earth ____ with increasing distance from the moon.

Accepted Answer

A)   stays constant
B)   increases
C)   decreases

Question 4

The first modern astronomer to propose a heliocentric model for the solar system was ____________________.

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The answer of The first modern astronomer to propose a...

Question 5

Galileo used a telescope to observe the phases of the sun.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Kepler used Tycho's observations to show that the planets

Accepted Answer

A)   followed perfectly circular orbits.
B)   followed perfectly cubical orbits.
C)   all circled the earth.
D)   followed elliptical orbits.

Question 7

A scientific model can never be exactly correct.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The Almagest

Accepted Answer

A)   is the book that first described the heliocentric solar system.
B)   is a collection of the science and mathematics of the Greeks.
C)   caused the author to be sentenced to house arrest.
D)   is a book of astrological myths and predictions produced by the Arabs.
E)   first described the Copernican theory.

Question 9

Galileo's telescopic discoveries of mountains on the moon and spots on the sun were controversial because they suggested that the sun and moon

Accepted Answer

A)   were the same kind of object.
B)   were not perfect spheres.
C)   were inhabited.
D)   orbited each other.
E)   did not orbit Earth.

Question 10

The diagram below illustrates a portion of the model for the universe described by

Accepted Answer

A)   Kepler.
B)   Tycho.
C)   Ptolemy.
D)   Copernicus.
E)   Galileo.

Question 11

A(n)  ____ is a single conjecture that can be tested.

Accepted Answer

A)   hypothesis
B)   paradigm
C)   natural law
D)   model
E)   theory

Question 12

The ____ of an object is a measure of the amount of matter it contains. On the other hand ____ is a measure of the gravitational force on an object.

Accepted Answer

A)   weight; mass
B)   mass; weight
C)   energy; force
D)   force; energy
E)   momentum; energy

Question 13

Spring tides occur

Accepted Answer

A)   at new moon and first quarter moon.
B)   at first quarter and third quarter moons.
C)   at new moon and full moon.
D)   at third quarter and full moons.
E)   at noon and midnight.

Question 14

Kepler's first law of planetary motion implies that

Accepted Answer

A)   the planets move at a constant speed at all points in their orbits.
B)   the planets all move around Earth in elliptical orbits.
C)   uniform circular motion is adequate to describe the motion of all planets.
D)   planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun.

Question 15

Tycho Brahe's greatest contribution to astronomy was

Accepted Answer

A)   his model of the universe.
B)   his telescopic observations.
C)   his discovery of three laws of motion.
D)   his 20 years of careful observations of the planets.
E)   a and b above

Question 16

What are Newton's three laws of motion?

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The answer of What are Newton's three laws of motion?...

Question 17

Why does the circular velocity of an Earth satellite depend on the distance from Earth's center?

Accepted Answer

The circular velocity of an Earth satell...

Question 18

Which of the following books of tabulated predicted planet positions was not based on uniform circular motion?

Accepted Answer

A)   the Rudolphine Tables by Kepler
B)   the Prutenic Tables based on Copernicus' model
C)   the Alphonsine Tables based on Ptolemy's observations and calculations

Question 19

Newton concluded that a force from the Earth had to act on the moon because

Accepted Answer

A)   a force is needed to keep the moon in motion in its orbit.
B)   a force is needed to pull the moon outward.
C)   a force is needed to accelerate the moon toward Earth away from straight-line motion.
D)   the moon moved at a constant velocity in a straight line.
E)   all of the above.

Question 20

What are Kepler's three laws?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are Kepler's three laws?...

Exam 4: The Origin of Modern Astronomy

Kepler's first law of planetary motion implies that

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Spring tides occur

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Tides occur because the gravitational force of the moon on Earth ____ with increasing distance from the moon.

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Galileo's telescopic discoveries of mountains on the moon and spots on the sun were controversial because they suggested that the sun and moon

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Tycho Brahe's greatest contribution to astronomy was

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A(n) ____________________ is a circle whose center moves in a circular orbit around the Earth.

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Galileo used a telescope to observe the phases of the sun.

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In pre-Copernican astronomy, it was almost universally believed that

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What are Kepler's three laws?

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A scientific model can never be exactly correct.

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Newton concluded that a force from the Earth had to act on the moon because

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Which of the following books of tabulated predicted planet positions was not based on uniform circular motion?

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The Almagest

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The first modern astronomer to propose a heliocentric model for the solar system was ____________________.

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Kepler used Tycho's observations to show that the planets

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The diagram below illustrates a portion of the model for the universe described by

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What are Newton's three laws of motion?

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A(n) ____ is a single conjecture that can be tested.

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Why does the circular velocity of an Earth satellite depend on the distance from Earth's center?

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIThe circular velocity of an Earth satell...View AnswerShow Answer

The ____ of an object is a measure of the amount of matter it contains. On the other hand ____ is a measure of the gravitational force on an object.

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The circular velocity of an Earth satell...
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The of an object is a measure of the amount of matter it contains. On the other hand is a measure of the gravitational force on an object.

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