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In the


A) chi square
B) gamma
C) Pearson's r
D) the partial correlation coefficient

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Which of the following is a correctly stated standardized regression equation?


A) Zy = a - b1*Z1 - b2Z2
B) Zy = a + b1X1 - b2X2
C) Zy = b1*Z1 + b2*Z2
D) Zy = b1*Z1 - b2Z2

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The techniques of


A) the total number of variables is not greater than three
B) the independents are strongly correlated with each other
C) each independent is linearly related with the dependent variable
D) sample size is less than 100

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A researcher is examining the effects of income (X1) and number of friends (X2) on personal happiness (Y) and finds an R² of 0.45. Which of the following is a correct interpretation of this result?


A) Money CAN buy happiness
B) Friends are more important than money for happiness
C) Taken together, income and number of friends explain 45% of the variance in happiness
D) Taken together, income and number of friends explain 0.45% of the variance in happiness

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After controlling for Z, a researcher finds evidence of a spurious relationship between X and Y. What step should be taken next?


A) Z should become the new independent variable
B) Z should become the new dependent variable
C) Z should be disregarded and a new control variable should be selected
D) Z should be disregarded and a new independent variable should be selected

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To investigate the combined effects of several independent variables on a single dependent variable, we use


A) partial correlation and regression
B) bivariate correlation and regression
C) multiple correlation and regression
D) interactive correlation and regression

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Partial correlation will detect all of the following relationships among variables except


A) interaction
B) direct relationships
C) spurious relationships
D) intervening relationships

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A researcher examines the relationship between poverty and crime rates for 100 metropolitan areas and finds a zero-order correlation of 0.37. She controls for the percent of families that are headed by single parents and finds a first order partial correlation of 0.06. Which of the following correctly describes this outcome? This is a ______ relationship


A) direct
B) statistically significant
C) spurious
D) interactive

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After controlling for Z, the partial correlation coefficient is .78. The bivariate Pearson's r between X and Y was only .51. Which interpretation is consistent with these results?


A) None, these results are mathematically impossible.
B) There is a spurious relationship between X and Y
C) X and Z are both caused by Y
D) X and Z are separate, uncorrelated causes of Y

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The 'first-order' partial correlation coefficient measures


A) the bivariate relationship between X and Y
B) the relationship between the dependent and control variables
C) the bivariate relationship after controlling for the third variable
D) the bivariate relationship after controlling for the fourth variable

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In the least-squares


A) the point where the line crosses the Y axis
B) the combined effects of all independents on the dependent variable
C) the amount of change in Y for a unit change in one independent variable while controlling for all other independent variables
D) the residual effects of the independent after partialling out the effect of the dependent variable

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Which of the following would be consistent with a direct relationship between X and Y?


A) Pearson's r is .17, partial correlation coefficient is .16
B) Pearson's r is .78, partial correlation coefficient is .50
C) Pearson's r is .10, partial correlation coefficient is .20
D) Pearson's r is .00, partial correlation coefficient is .00

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A standardized regression equation is stated as: Zy = (.46) Z1 + (.47) Z1. Which conclusion is most consistent with this formula?


A) Z is caused by both X and Y
B) The independents have equally strong relationships with the dependent
C) This is a spurious relationship
D) There is a direct relationship between X and Y after controlling for the effects of Z

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Which of the following would be consistent with a spurious relationship between X and Y?


A) Pearson's r is .37, partial correlation coefficient is .36
B) Pearson's r is .78, partial correlation coefficient is .30
C) Pearson's r is -.10, partial correlation coefficient is -.15
D) Pearson's r is .00, partial correlation coefficient is .00

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In the multiple regression equation, the partial slopes are represented by the symbol


A) a
B) b*
C) a*
D) b

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After controlling for Z, the partial correlation coefficient between X and Y is the same value as the bivariate Pearson's r. This pattern would be taken as evidence of


A) a direct relationship between X and Y
B) a spurious relationship between X and Z
C) interaction between X, Y, and Z
D) an intervening relationship between X and Y, interaction between X and Z

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To the extent that the variables do not meet the assumptions of regression analysis, coefficients and slopes become


A) greater in value
B) lower in value
C) less trustworthy
D) less representative of the population

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While unstandardized partial slopes permit predictions of Y in the original units of the variable, standardized partial slopes permit an assessment of


A) the combined effects of the independents
B) the partial effects of the independents
C) the independent effects of the partials
D) the relative importance of the independents

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When examining a bivariate relationship using Pearson's r, the partial correlation computed while using one control variable is called


A) the first-order partial correlation coefficient
B) the second-order partial correlation coefficient
C) the intervening partial correlation coefficient
D) the

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After controlling for Z, a researcher finds evidence of a direct relationship between X and Y. What step should be taken next?


A) Z should become the new independent variable
B) Z should become the new dependent variable
C) Z should be disregarded and a new control variable should be selected
D) Z should be disregarded and a new independent variable should be selected

Correct Answer

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