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Investigators should keep in mind that eyewitness identification is highly infallible.

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Which of the following can be created using Identi-Kit?


A) composite drawings and sketches
B) physical evidence left at the crime scene
C) information in police files
D) booking photos

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Outline some of the suggestions discussed in the text for officers who are preparing to go undercover.

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Recommendations and precautions for unde...

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identification is on-the-scene identification of a suspect by a victim or witness to a crime.

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Describe the uses and value of psychological profiling.

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The psychological profile is determined ...

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In Whren v.United States (1996) , the Supreme Court affirmed that officers could stop vehicles to allay any suspicions even though they have no evidence of criminal behavior.This type of stop is referred to as a:


A) pretextual stop.
B) silver platter stop.
C) Terry stop.
D) racial profiling stop.

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In moving surveillance, the surveillant may be referred to as a .

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If a suspect is at the scene of a crime, what methods can an officer use to identify the suspect at the scene?

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If a suspect is at the scene, ...

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On a linear use-of-force continuum, where do "hard empty hand techniques/impact weapon" fall in relation to the use of a TASER or chemical agent?


A) They fall to the left (i.e., they are less forceful) .
B) They fall to the right (i.e., they are more forceful) .
C) They are equivalent.
D) They are not on the same use-of-force continuum.

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In United States v.Knotts (1983) , the Court ruled that installing and monitoring a bird dog tracking device in a public location:


A) violates a suspect's rights.
B) is illegal.
C) does not violate a suspect's rights.
D) is inadmissible.

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Pen registers and trap-and-trace devices are not considered forms of searches and do not need probable cause and a court order because subscribers waive their rights to privacy when using devices such as cell phones or telephones.

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Which method is used to identify suspects?


A) field or show-up identification
B) family empathy
C) pretextual traffic stops
D) hearsay evidence

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What must be established before an arrest can be made?


A) occurrence of a crime
B) finding of a victim
C) probable cause
D) notification of suspect's lawyer

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Psychological profiling:


A) can help eliminate and develop suspects.
B) is used only in conjunction with a psychic.
C) is 95 percent accurate in all cases.
D) is no longer used in police work.

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Graham v.Connor held that plaintiffs alleging excessive use of force need only show that the officer's actions were under the standards of the Fourth Amendment.

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Suspects may ______________ to participate in a lineup, but this decision can be used against them in court.

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Define entrapment.

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The Supreme Court defined entrapment in ...

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Which 2007 case established the use of "ramming" in pursuit as a use-of-force doctrine that the police use today?


A) Mapp v.Ohio
B) Kim Wong Ark v.United States
C) Scott v.Harris
D) United States v.Weeks

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Electronic surveillance and wiretapping are considered forms of search and therefore do not require probable cause and court order.

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The of racial profiling may be bolstered by discussions of pretextual traffic stops.

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