Question 1

Which of the following is a general rule?

Accepted Answer

A)   Select red after exposure to red.
B)   Select blue after exposure to yellow.
C)   Select horizontal lines after exposure to vertical lines.
D)   Select a stimulus that is the same as the sample.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

When he first begins shopping,Peter is able to remember what he has in his cart without referring to his list.He is using

Accepted Answer

A)   retrospective memory.
B)   prospective memory.
C)   introspective memory.
D)   rehearsal memory.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

The available evidence suggests that rats navigate correctly in radial arm mazes by

Accepted Answer

A)   marking visited arms with urine.
B)   relying on visual cues in the testing room.
C)   choosing the arms in a fixed order.
D)   All of the aboveE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

Sign tracking is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   beacon following.
B)   landmark navigation.
C)   using the relations between landmarks to guide behavior.
D)   a complex cognitive map.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

CaMKII enhances synaptic efficacy by activating

Accepted Answer

A)   CaM receptors.
B)   NMDA receptors.
C)   AMPA receptors.
D)   KII receptors.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 6

In what order are stimuli usually presented in a delayed matching to sample task?

Accepted Answer

A)   sample stimulus; delay; test stimuli; start cue
B)   sample stimulus; test stimuli; delay; start cue
C)   start cue; delay; sample stimulus; test stimulus
D)   start cue; sample stimulus; delay; test stimulusE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Animals have been found to use different coding strategies depending on the task demands.For example,at the beginning of a long series of behaviors,an animal would likely use _____,whereas near the end of the series it would likely use _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   prospective memory; retrospective memory
B)   retrospective memory; prospective memory
C)   reference memory; introspective memory
D)   rehearsal memory; prospective memoryE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 8

In studies of learning,which stage of an experiment is usually varied?

Accepted Answer

A)   retrieval
B)   acquisition
C)   retention
D)   stimulus codingE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Learning is not possible without memory.However,studies of learning do differ from those of memory.For example,in most studies of learning,_____,but in studies of memory,_____.

Accepted Answer

A)   retention intervals vary; the retrieval phase is varied
B)   the retrieval phase varies; the acquisition phase is varied
C)   the acquisition phase varies; retention intervals are varied
D)   retention intervals vary; the acquisition phase is variedE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Animal cognition is most correctly defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   the application of stimulus-response learning to explain complex chains of behavior.
B)   the use of voluntary or conscious reflection to direct behavior.
C)   the use of an internal representation, or model, of some past experience as a basis for behavior.
D)   the use of overt classically or instrumentally conditioned responses to direct behavior.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

To receive reinforcement in a delayed matching to sample task,an organism must select

Accepted Answer

A)   a test stimulus that is identical to the sample stimulus.
B)   a sample stimulus that is identical to the test stimulus.
C)   a test stimulus that is identical to the start cue.
D)   a sample stimulus that is identical to the start cue.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Of the following behaviors,which would not be included in a study of animal cognition by experimental psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)   consciousness
B)   forgetting
C)   stimulus coding
D)   cognitive mapsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Radial mazes are used primarily to test

Accepted Answer

A)   performance in spatial memory tasks.
B)   performance in delayed matching to sample trials.
C)   performance in food preference trials.
D)   performance in locomotor preference trials.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Directed forgetting studies support all of the following conclusions except

Accepted Answer

A)   rehearsal processes in animals can be brought under stimulus control.
B)   memory processes in animals can be brought under stimulus control.
C)   memory processes in animals involve the passive storage of information.
D)   memory processes in humans can be brought under stimulus control.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

Reference memory is

Accepted Answer

A)   a store of items held only long enough to complete a given task.
B)   long term retention of information necessary for successful use of incoming and recently acquired information.
C)   short (10-25 seconds)  term retention of information used for comparisons to items in long-term memory.
D)   defined as memory for items located in space.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 16

In studies of memory,which stage of an experiment is usually held constant?

Accepted Answer

A)   retrieval
B)   retention
C)   acquisition
D)   trace-delayE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Describe the delayed matching to sample task.What are three procedural aspects critical to determining the accuracy of performance in this task?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the delayed matching to sample task.What...

Question 18

The duration of spatial memory in rats appears

Accepted Answer

A)   to be for about as long as the rat remains in a maze.
B)   to be about 5 to 10 minutes.
C)   to be about 3 to 4 hours.
D)   to last for over a day.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Describe how retrospective and prospective coding can be differentiated experimentally.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how retrospective and prospective coding can...

Question 20

When rats and humans were both required to perform in a radial arm-type spatial memory task,researchers determined that

Accepted Answer

A)   rats use retrospective coding strategies, and humans use prospective strategies.
B)   rats use retrospective coding strategies, and humans are able to switch between coding strategies.
C)   rats use prospective coding strategies, and humans are able to switch between coding strategies.
D)   rats and humans are able to switch between retrospective and prospective coding strategies.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 11: Comparative Cognition I: Memory Mechanisms

To receive reinforcement in a delayed matching to sample task,an organism must select

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Describe the delayed matching to sample task.What are three procedural aspects critical to determining the accuracy of performance in this task?

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Which of the following is a general rule?

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In studies of learning,which stage of an experiment is usually varied?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Animals have been found to use different coding strategies depending on the task demands.For example,at the beginning of a long series of behaviors,an animal would likely use _____,whereas near the end of the series it would likely use _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following behaviors,which would not be included in a study of animal cognition by experimental psychologists?

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Sign tracking is an example of

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In what order are stimuli usually presented in a delayed matching to sample task?

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The duration of spatial memory in rats appears

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In studies of memory,which stage of an experiment is usually held constant?

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CaMKII enhances synaptic efficacy by activating

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When he first begins shopping,Peter is able to remember what he has in his cart without referring to his list.He is using

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When rats and humans were both required to perform in a radial arm-type spatial memory task,researchers determined that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Radial mazes are used primarily to test

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Animal cognition is most correctly defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe how retrospective and prospective coding can be differentiated experimentally.

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Learning is not possible without memory.However,studies of learning do differ from those of memory.For example,in most studies of learning,_____,but in studies of memory,_____.

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Directed forgetting studies support all of the following conclusions except

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The available evidence suggests that rats navigate correctly in radial arm mazes by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reference memory is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Animals have been found to use different coding strategies depending on the task demands.For example,at the beginning of a long series of behaviors,an animal would likely use _,whereas near the end of the series it would likely use _.

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Learning is not possible without memory.However,studies of learning do differ from those of memory.For example,in most studies of learning,_,but in studies of memory,_.

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