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The difference between molar and molecular theories of matching is that


A) molar theories focus on the response alternative most likely to be reinforced at that time, while molecular theories focus on individual choice responses.
B) molecular theories focus on the response alternative most likely to be reinforced at that time, while molar theories focus on individual choice responses.
C) molar theories focus on aggregates of behavior over a period of time, while molecular theories focus on individual choice responses.
D) molecular theories focus on aggregates of behavior over a period of time, while molar theories focus on individual choice responses.

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According to the hyperbolic decay function of value discounting, when the reinforcer is delayed the value of the reinforcer


A) remains unchanged.
B) decreases.
C) increases.
D) It is impossible to tell, given this information.

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Which of the following individuals is most likely to be on a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement?


A) a clerk at a fast food restaurant
B) a gambler
C) a mail delivery person
D) a baker with a cake in the oven

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Your friend is taking a class with exams scheduled every three weeks.You expect that he will study


A) at a high steady rate throughout the semester.
B) at a rapid and steady rate once he gets started, followed by periods of no studying.
C) very little following an exam but with increasing rates at the end of the three weeks.
D) at a low steady rate throughout the semester.

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A hungry pigeon is in a Skinner box and is pecking a key for access to food.The first food delivery occurs for the first peck after 1 minute has elapsed.The second occurs for the first peck after 3 minutes has elapsed.The third food delivery occurs for the first peck after 2 minutes has elapsed.All other pecks went unrewarded, but the pigeon did not receive access to food unless it pecked the key.The pigeon is most likely on a A hungry pigeon is in a Skinner box and is pecking a key for access to food.The first food delivery occurs for the first peck after 1 minute has elapsed.The second occurs for the first peck after 3 minutes has elapsed.The third food delivery occurs for the first peck after 2 minutes has elapsed.All other pecks went unrewarded, but the pigeon did not receive access to food unless it pecked the key.The pigeon is most likely on a schedule of reinforcement. A) FR B) VR C) FI D) VI schedule of reinforcement.


A) FR
B) VR
C) FI
D) VI

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Concurrent schedules of reinforcement are used to measure


A) continuous choice behavior over time.
B) choice behavior with commitment.
C) partial reinforcement extinction effects.
D) mechanisms of partial reinforcement extinction effects.

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A cumulative recorder marks a scalloped pattern of responding when subjects are on a


A) fixed ratio schedule.
B) fixed interval schedule.
C) variable ratio schedule.
D) variable interval schedule.

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What is a reward discounting function and how is it related to the problem of self control?

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What does the matching law allow us to predict? How can the law be used to determine relative reinforcer values?

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Under which of the following situations do you predict you will have the most difficulty starting the second project?


A) When the first project was a 100 page paper and the second a 50 page paper.
B) When the first project was a 50 page paper and the second project a 100 page paper.
C) When the first project was a 10 page paper and the second project a 10 page paper.
D) When the first project was a 5 page paper and the second project a 5 page paper

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A pigeon pecks at key "A" 10 times a minute.It pecks key "B" 5 times a minute.The relative rate of responding to key "B" is .


A) 3
B) 2
C) 0.5
D) 0.33

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If you want to increase the self control of your little sibling you might


A) give a large reward initially, then gradually increase the delay to reward delivery.
B) distract your sibling with an intervening task during a delay to a large reward.
C) distract your sibling from the attending to a large reward during the delay period.
D) any or all of the above.

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Your roommate is taking a self-paced course that requires three papers over the semester.He expected to finish all three papers in the first two weeks but, after quickly finishing the first paper three weeks ago, he has done nothing.This behavior pattern is due to


A) the partial reinforcement extinction effect.
B) the post-reinforcement pause.
C) the variable ratio schedule of reinforcement.
D) the variable interval schedule of reinforcement.

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How are concurrent-chain schedules different from concurrent schedules, and what kinds of research questions require the use of concurrent-chain schedules?

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Molar maximizing cannot explain why choice behavior is distributed so close to the matching relation on concurrent


A) FR1-FR1 schedules.
B) VI-VI schedules.
C) FR5-FR20 schedules.
D) VR-VR schedules.

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The relative rate of responding to key "B" is 0.6.According to the matching law, the relative rate of reinforcement on key "B" is very likely .


A) 6
B) 0.6
C) 4
D) 0.4

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According to molar maximizing theories of matching,


A) organisms always choose whichever response alternative is most likely to be reinforced at that time.
B) organisms change from one response to another to improve on the local rate of reinforcement.
C) the local rate of response is calculated over just the time the organism devotes to that particular response.
D) organisms distribute their responses so as to maximize the amount of reinforcement they receive over the long run.

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Which of the following describes behavior reinforced on a fixed interval schedule?


A) delivering the mail
B) pulling the arm of a slot machine
C) checking the refrigerator to see if the jelly is done
D) flipping burgers for $5.00 an hour

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A rat that is pushing a lever and demonstrating long inter-response times is likely


A) responding at a high rate.
B) responding at a low rate.
C) responding at a high fixed ratio rate.
D) responding at a low fixed ratio rate.

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After a wheel running accident, your pet rat no longer seems to be able to process reward magnitude and valence. You suspect trauma in the


A) striatum
B) basal ganglia
C) amygdala
D) orbitofrontal cortex

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