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Our appetite is controlled by involuntary mechanisms.

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Which substance neutralizes stomach acid as chyme enters the small intestine?


A) Amylase
B) Pepsin
C) Bile
D) Bicarbonate
E) Glycogen

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Which of these foods found in our modern diet was also found in our prehistoric ancestors' diets?


A) Butter
B) Low-fat milk
C) Whole-grain breads
D) Table sugar
E) Berries

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Joe finds himself troubled with gas after eating certain foods. Which is not true about intestinal gas?


A) It comes directly from the food.
B) Another name for it is "flatus."
C) It is produced from bacterial fermentation.
D) The quantity of the gas depends on the types of foods eaten.
E) The quality of the gas depends on the types of foods eaten.

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Which of the following reactions is classified as anabolic?


A) Glycogen to glucose
B) Protein to amino acids
C) Triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol
D) Glucose to glycogen
E) All of these are anabolic reactions.

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The _____ produces bile and the _____ stores it.


A) gallbladder; colon
B) stomach; liver
C) small intestine; large intestine
D) pancreas; gallbladder
E) liver; gallbladder

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One reason the stomach's hydrochloric acid is important is that it:


A) digests proteins.
B) kills bacteria.
C) converts pepsin to pepsinogen.
D) facilitates the action of amylase.

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Which chemical stimulates the gallbladder to send bile into the small intestine?


A) Cholecystokinin
B) Bicarbonate
C) Lycopene
D) Linoleic acid
E) Hydrochloric acid

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When the body does not require energy, end-products of digestion are converted to _____.


A) protein
B) fat
C) glycogen
D) a and b
E) b and c

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Describe a few of the body's storage systems.

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Joe is taking a nutrition course and is told that the galactose in his milk ends up as glucose. Where does this conversion take place?


A) Brain
B) Liver
C) Gallbladder
D) Appendix
E) Pancreas

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Which nutrients are first carried in the lymph after digestion?


A) Protein and products of fat digestion
B) Fat-soluble vitamins and minerals
C) Water-soluble vitamins and protein
D) Products of fat digestion and fat-soluble vitamins
E) Water and minerals

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Nutrients are not useful to the body unless they are absorbed across the small intestine into the bloodstream or lymph.

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Vignette #2 Maggie is a 34-year-old mom of two children. She was told by her physician that she needs her gallbladder removed. Maggie panics and calls her mother saying, "Mom, I can't believe I have to have my liver removed!!! How am I going to live without my liver?? You have to have a liver to survive and the doctor wants to remove it!" Her mother tells her to calm down and discuss what is going on. She soon realizes that Maggie's liver is fine, but her gallbladder needs to be removed. All of the following are functions of the liver except :


A) converting excess glucose to glycogen.
B) converting excess carbohydrates into fat.
C) detoxifying drugs and alcohol.
D) secreting the majority of digestive enzymes.

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Which of the following controls the flow of chyme into the small intestine?


A) Lower esophageal sphincter
B) Pyloric sphincter
C) Ileocecal valve
D) Oral cavity
E) Cortex

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What role does bicarbonate play in digestion?


A) Digests protein in the small intestine
B) Uncoils proteins in the stomach
C) Neutralizes acid from the stomach in the small intestine
D) Aids in the absorption of vitamin B12
E) Emulsifies fat into small particles

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Vignette #2 Maggie is a 34-year-old mom of two children. She was told by her physician that she needs her gallbladder removed. Maggie panics and calls her mother saying, "Mom, I can't believe I have to have my liver removed!!! How am I going to live without my liver?? You have to have a liver to survive and the doctor wants to remove it!" Her mother tells her to calm down and discuss what is going on. She soon realizes that Maggie's liver is fine, but her gallbladder needs to be removed. After Maggie's gallbladder has been removed, which nutrient might she have difficulty digesting?


A) Carbohydrates
B) Fat
C) Protein
D) Vitamins
E) Minerals

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Glycogen provides the body with glucose under which circumstance?


A) Eating excess calories
B) Eating too many carbohydrates
C) When glucose absorbed from ingested foods is used up
D) When a person has high blood pressure
E) When the fat content of a person's diet is elevated

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How is it possible for a person to function normally after having his or her gallbladder removed?

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As a fermented milk product, yogurt contains _____ that promote(s) GI health.


A) CLA
B) prebiotics
C) probiotics
D) beta-glucan

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