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Cultural relativism encourages cross-cultural understanding and respect.

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Why is ideal culture often inconsistent with real culture? Explain with an example.

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Answers will vary. The ideal culture com...

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Subcultures and countercultures share the same values and beliefs, but differ in their size and composition.

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Unequal access to resources often results in women having fewer choices than men, and living under laws and customs that subordinate women.

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Which of the following statements most accurately describes the ideal culture?


A) It is the belief that one's culture, society, or group is inherently superior to others.
B) It comprises people's actual everyday behavior.
C) It includes symbolic interactions between societies.
D) It comprises the beliefs, values, and norms that people say they hold or follow.
E) It includes coexistence of several cultures in the same geographic area.

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Which of the following most accurately defines a symbol?


A) A symbol is anything that stands for something else and has a particular meaning for people who share a culture.
B) A symbol refers to a strong prohibition of any act that is forbidden because it is considered to be extremely offensive.
C) A symbol is a formally defined norm about what is permissible or illegal.
D) A symbol refers to norms that people consider very important because they maintain moral and ethical behavior.
E) A symbol is a formal and repeated behavior that unites people.

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Which of the following is a key point made by symbolic interactionists?


A) Similar beliefs bind people together and create stability.
B) Cultural symbols forge identities that change over time.
C) Women and men often experience culture differently.
D) Cultural values and norms can increase inequality because of sex, race/ethnicity, and social class.
E) As powerful economic monopolies increase worldwide, the rich get richer and the rest of the people get poorer.

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Maria, a sociologist, studies how people develop, maintain, and change culture. She is interested in the influences of culture in people's daily lives and studies the role that language, religion, and gender play in society. Which of the following theories is likely to have influenced Maria?


A) Functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Feminist theories
D) Symbolic interactionism
E) Invention and innovation

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Unlike folkways and norms, laws are _____.


A) flexible
B) informal
C) deliberate
D) innate
E) stigmatized

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The introduction of personal computers into American society influenced the means by which people communicate. Which of the following characteristics of culture does this illustrate?


A) Culture is learned.
B) Culture is transmitted from one generation to the next.
C) Culture is shared.
D) Culture is adaptive and always changing.
E) Culture is similar across societies.

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Discuss two core U.S. values that are central to the American way of life.

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Answers will vary. Two core U.S. values ...

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Briefly describe how language influences culture.

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Answers will vary. Language helps people...

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Rituals are outward symbols of values.

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Explain the functional aspect of ethnocentrism.

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Answers will vary. Ethnocentrism can be ...

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How do the views of feminists differ from that of conflict theorists?

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Answers will vary. Feminist scholars agr...

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The management at Lumos Inc. believes in providing equal opportunities for all its employees, regardless of their gender. This indicates that Lumos Inc. most likely supports _____ of culture.


A) functionalist theories
B) cognitive theories
C) feminist theories
D) symbolic interactionist theories
E) invention and innovation theories

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_____ are formally defined norms about what is permissible or illegal.


A) Taboos
B) Laws
C) Folkways
D) Mores
E) Beliefs

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During natural disasters at home and abroad, many Americans are enormously generous. Which of the following core U.S. values does this best illustrate?


A) Conformity
B) Material possessions
C) Humanitarianism
D) Individualism
E) Democracy

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During the 1960s, Scott and his friends were part of a youth group that wanted to free itself from the restrictions of the society. The group sought to find new meaning in life and deliberately questioned authority. From this scenario, it can be inferred that Scott and his friends belonged to a(n) _____.


A) counterculture
B) ideal culture
C) cultural capital
D) high culture
E) real culture

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Discuss the concept of cultural relativism with an example.

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Answers will vary. Cultural relativism, ...

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