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What does pons mean in Latin?


A) balance
B) below
C) bridge
D) border

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Following the development of a brain tumor, Jerome starts to exhibit impulsive behavior with little regard for right or wrong. He attacks a man in a bar for looking at him the "wrong" way, breaking the man's nose and damaging bar property. Yet, he feels no remorse for the harm he has caused. The tumor is most likely in Jerome's ____.


A) somatosensory cortex
B) occipital lobe
C) parietal lobe
D) orbitofrontal cortex

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The endocrine system is directly involved with ____.


A) movement and balance
B) pleasure and pain
C) arousal, metabolism, growth and sex
D) vision, hearing, and taste

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Professor Laurent wants to understand how violence in the media affects adolescents. What method should she use to monitor the arousal state of adolescents while they view a news report of a violent crime?


A) single cell recording
B) magnetoencephalography
C) skin conductance response
D) electrical stimulation

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Synaptic vesicles have been released from their protein anchors. What happens next?


A) The vesicles cross the synaptic gap, deliver their contents to the receptors, and dissolve into the fluid.
B) The vesicles migrate to the cell membrane, spill their contents into the synaptic gap, and complete their life cycle.
C) The vesicles cross the synaptic gap, enter the receiving neuron and deliver their contents to the receptors.
D) The vesicles migrate to the cell membrane, spill their contents into the synaptic gap, and are refilled for later use.

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The ____ is the lobe of the cerebral cortex located at the back of the brain. It contains the ________.


A) frontal lobe; primary auditory cortex
B) parietal lobe; Wernicke's area
C) temporal lobe; primary somatosensory cortex
D) occipital lobe; primary visual cortex

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Marguerite, a first-year doctoral student, scrutinizes the neural tissue that she prepared for study under her microscope. She knows from experience that the areas that look gray have a high density of cell bodies, while the areas that look white consist of large bundles of myelinated ____.


A) axons
B) dendrites
C) soma
D) nuclei

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Giacomo Rizzolatti and a team of Italian scientists conducted research that led to the discovery of "mirror neurons" in monkeys. Which research method did they use?


A) positron emission tomography
B) functional magnetic resonance imaging
C) electroencephalography
D) single cell recording

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Doris's heart suddenly races as a speeding car nearly collides with hers on the highway. Which neurotransmitter is playing a role in this response?


A) epinephrine
B) GABA
C) serotonin
D) dopamine

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Mrs. Agos is unable to recognize her husband by sight when he enters her hospital room. However, once she hears his voice, she recognizes him. Mrs. Agos has likely suffered damage to her ____.


A) Wernicke's area
B) temporal lobe
C) Broca's area
D) parietal lobe

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The nervous system is divided into two major components: the ____ and the ____.


A) autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system
B) central nervous system; somatic nervous system
C) central nervous system; peripheral nervous system
D) peripheral nervous system; autonomic nervous system

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Dr. Benson discovers a new hormone, "hormone X," which becomes elevated when people experience extreme anxiety. To establish a reciprocal relationship, Dr. Benson needs to show that ____.


A) blocking the binding sites of "hormone X" leads to feelings of euphoria
B) feelings of euphoria decrease "hormone X" levels
C) people experience anxiety when injected with "hormone X"
D) levels of anxiety correlate with levels of "hormone X"

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Before contemporary research methods were available, ____ provided significant advancements in our understanding of the nervous system.


A) animal research
B) clinical observations of injured or mentally ill individuals
C) X-rays
D) phrenology

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A(n) ____ is a neuron that carries commands from the central nervous system to muscles or glands.


A) interneuron
B) cerebellar neuron
C) sensory neuron
D) motor neuron

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____ is a neurotransmitter that is found at the neuromuscular junction, in the autonomic nervous system, and in the central nervous system.


A) Dopamine
B) Serotonin
C) Acetylcholine
D) Glutamate

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Marcus is conducting a squid axon electrophysiology experiment with Dr. Flores. While monitoring a recording electrode placed within a squid axon, Marcus reports to Dr. Flores that the neuron is in a refractory period. What does this mean?


A) The cell is hyperpolarized and another action potential is unlikely or impossible.
B) The cell is depolarized and cannot fire another action potential.
C) The cell is hyperpolarized and is getting ready to fire a larger action potential.
D) The cell is depolarized and is getting ready to fire a larger action potential.

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Which of the following is an accurate match between a division of the autonomic nervous system and a bodily function or state?


A) sympathetic; constricts pupils
B) parasympathetic; stimulates digestion
C) sympathetic; stimulates immune response
D) parasympathetic; induces rapid heart beat

Correct Answer

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What would be a consequence of destroying the corpus callosum?


A) The left and right cerebral hemispheres would not be able to effectively communicate.
B) A person would have difficulty breathing.
C) A severe movement disorder would eventually emerge.
D) A person would lose the ability to experience fear.

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Which of the following does NOT protect the brain at the physical level?


A) meninges
B) cerebrospinal fluid
C) blood-brain barrier
D) skull

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Christopher suffered a traumatic brain injury in an automobile accident. Since the accident, he has great difficulty in forming new memories but remembers his childhood well, which suggests that his ____ was damaged.


A) hippocampus
B) hypothalamus
C) basal ganglia
D) amygdala

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