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_______ __ theories start with the basic premise of equal treatment or equal shares for all.

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Fixating on a preconceived notion and ignoring information that points to other possibilities is known as                                .

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Philosophical support for rehabilitative treatment of criminals can be found in natural law.

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Before coming to trial, Sam was assigned a public defender, was informed of the charges, and was given a chance to review the evidence against him. At the trial, the prosecutor called the crime scene investigator to the stand, and she provided scientific evidence to show that Sam had indeed been inside the victim's home. In order to be allowed at trial, the evidence that the crime scene investigator presented would have had to meet:


A) the "Rawls test."
B) the "veil of ignorance test."
C) the "impartiality standard."
D) the "Daubert standard."

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Libertarian theory states that it is the role of government to provide as much guidance and control over the citizens as possible.

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Which theory of distributive justice considers one's needs rather than what one has earned or deserves?


A) libertarian
B) utilitarian
C) egalitarian
D) Marxist

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While ____________  justice involves the concept of " just deserts," ____________ justice concerns the steps we must take before determining guilt and administering punishment.


A) procedural; substantive
B) substantive; distributive
C) substantive; procedural
D) procedural; distributive

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Rawls's concept of the "veil of ignorance" states that:


A) welfare should be given to the least advantaged or ignorant in our society.
B) one must be unaware of his or her own position in society in order to make just decisions.
C) ignorance always results in unfairness.
D) because we are ignorant of God's plan, equal distribution of goods is the most just.

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Before coming to trial, Sam was assigned a public defender, was informed of the charges, and was given a chance to review the evidence against him. At the trial, the prosecutor called the crime scene investigator to the stand, and she provided scientific evidence to show that Sam had indeed been inside the victim's home. These pre-trial activities are part of the practice of:


A) procedural justice.
B) substantive justice.
C) restorative justice.
D) peacemaking justice.

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Which ethical system is most consistent with a Marxist theory of distributive justice?


A) ethics of Virtue
B) ethical Formalism
C) ethics of Care
D) utilitarianism

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Which theory of distributive justice would be most opposed to government involvement in the distribution of goods?


A) libertarian
B) utilitarian
C) egalitarian
D) Marxist

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According to Peterson, race is a valid predictor of criminal behavior.

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Review and explain the factors that have been shown to sometimes lead to wrongful convictions.

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Answered by ExamLex AI

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Wrongful convictions can occur due to a ...

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_____________ punishment seeks to balance the victim's harm with the offender's pain.

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Mary owns her own consulting business. Among her employees are: Sue - the receptionist and a single mother of three Joe - the web designer and marketing manager, single, has an MBA Alan - a married salesman who makes few sales and cares for an elderly parent Carla - an unmarried salesperson who makes the majority of the company's sales Assume that Mary agrees with libertarian theories. All of the following are possible except :


A) Carla would be the highest-paid employee because of the business she brings in.
B) Alan and Sue would be paid more than their work seems to deserve , due to their family needs.
C) Mary would divide the company's profits equally among all employees.
D) Mary would expect the government to tell her how to pay the employees.

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As defined in the text, the mediator between people's essential selfishness and generosity is referred to as:


A) law.
B) ethics.
C) justice
D) mercy.

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The roots of restorative justice can be found as far back as:


A) Mayan and Aztec law.
B) Chinese law.
C) Roman and Grecian law.
D) Common law.

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According to Walsh, moral outrage is a(n)             response.

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The concept that calls for retaliatory punishments such as "an eye for an eye" is known as :


A) lex talionis.
B) lex salica
C) lex rasa.
D) lex mala.

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Before coming to trial, Sam was assigned a public defender, was informed of the charges, and was given a chance to review the evidence against him. At the trial, the prosecutor called the crime scene investigator to the stand, and she provided scientific evidence to show that Sam had indeed been inside the victim's home. The public defender, presentation of charges, and the discovery process were all elements of ____________ , which is guaranteed by the Constitution.


A) restoration
B) due process
C) utilitarianism
D) impartiality

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