Question 1

The value of institutional review boards includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   They provide expert advice on how to resolve ethical dilemmas present in some research.
B)   Since some researchers are not disinterested parties, IRBs offer outside judgments about ethical considerations.
C)   They make sure that researchers are not overlooking the rights and well-being of their subjects.
D)   all of the above

Question 2

In order to conduct research involving nonhuman subjects, a university must establish an institutional review board (IRB).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which special populations require special protections if they are research subjects?

Accepted Answer

A)   juveniles and prisoners
B)   juveniles and drug addicts
C)   alcoholics and schizophrenics
D)   probationers and pregnant women

Question 4

Explicitly telling people that their participation is voluntary is

Accepted Answer

A)   a necessary component of informed consent
B)   a necessary component of confidentiality
C)   a necessary component of anonymity
D)   a necessary component to obtain grant funding

Question 5

Which of the following may not constitute voluntary participation?

Accepted Answer

A)   give students who complete the research questionnaire extra credit
B)   allow students to fill out a questionnaire on their own time, and when they finish put them, in a box outside the departmental secretary's office
C)   ask that students fill out a questionnaire and not include their name or student identification number
D)   for in-class questionnaires, have the professor leave the room while they are being filled out and turned in, and allow students to remain anonymous

Question 6

In order to make sure that there was no long-term damage done to the participants of the simulated prison, the researchers held  __________  sessions with "prisoners" and "guards" after the termination of the project.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order to make sure that there...

Question 7

The excitement and commitment to scientific advancement may lead researchers to

Accepted Answer

A)   overlook possible harms to participant wellbeing
B)   overlook possible participant harms
C)   allow the ends to justify the means
D)   all of the above

Question 8

The National Crime Victimization Survey prevents researchers of the public from having information on a victim's

Accepted Answer

A)   age
B)   relationship to an offender
C)   place of residence
D)   gender

Question 9

Crime surveys where respondents are asked about their experiences as victims of crime have the potential to cause

Accepted Answer

A)   physical trauma to the researcher
B)   psychological harm
C)   false data as participants always fabricate information to avoid revealing embarrassing details
D)   crime rates to increase

Question 10

Which of the following is not essential in maintaining confidentiality in field or survey interviews?

Accepted Answer

A)   remove names and addresses from data-collection forms
B)   keep a master identification file linking numbers to names so that at a future date data can be corrected where necessary
C)   put the master file on the computer so that you do not leave paper copies of the file laying around
D)   only individuals with a legitimate purpose should have access to the master file

Question 11

What was the primary reason for the establishment of institutional review boards?

Accepted Answer

A)   questionnaires administered that asked subjects to report on deviant sexual behaviors
B)   research on juveniles that focuses on their treatment as adults by the criminal justice system
C)   medical experimentation
D)   personal interviews with prisoners asking them to describe crimes that were not known to the police

Question 12

A(n)  __________  is the general explanation that prisons are brutal and dehumanizing because of the types of people who run them and are incarcerated in them.

Accepted Answer

dispositio...

Question 13

The norm of voluntary participation is usually satisfied through

Accepted Answer

A)   checking a box
B)   e-signature
C)   informed consent
D)   hiring experts

Question 14

Criminal justice researchers have ethical obligations to

Accepted Answer

A)   make shortcomings known to readers
B)   report negative findings
C)   colleagues in the scientific community
D)   all of the above

Question 15

Ethical issues surrounding the prison simulation include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)   subjects were not fully informed of the procedures they would undergo
B)   the researchers were not fully aware of what they could expect from the simulation
C)   the project utilized only 21 participants
D)   guards were allowed to make up and modify rules as the project progressed

Question 16

Researchers strive to do no harm to their subjects. Identify what type of harm may occur to subjects and use specific examples to illustrate the potential harm. Include in your answer whether harm is ever appropriate when completing research in criminal justice.

Accepted Answer

Researchers in any field, including crim...

Question 17

Which of the following are not exempt from IRB review under federal guidelines?

Accepted Answer

A)   research involving the analysis of existing data
B)   research involving the use of educational tests that are cognitive in nature
C)   research conducted in established educational settings that involve normal education practices
D)   research that uses living subjects who have participated in at least one prior research study

Question 18

In a web-based survey, anonymity canbe achieved by

Accepted Answer

A)   not requiring participants to provide their name
B)   allowing respondents to remain anonymous
C)   not requiring participant login information
D)   all of the above

Question 19

A researcher is least likely to encounter legal liability in which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A)   In an observational study, you see juveniles spray-painting walls at their school, and you say nothing.
B)   You watch one of your subjects deal drugs on the corner, and you alert him when a police car turns the corner.
C)   One of your subjects tells you he committed a rape, and you do not tell anyone even though you know what he told you is true.
D)   You refuse to reveal confidential information under a claim of immunity.

Question 20

Which of the following may present an ethical issue where voluntary participation is concerned?

Accepted Answer

A)   a small payment in cash in exchange for participation
B)   using prisoners as subjects after they have been told about the nature of the experiment and what their rewards will be
C)   getting an informed consent form signed when doing surveys
D)   random assignment of subjects to an experimental and a control group

Exam 3: Ethics and Criminal Justice Research

Criminal justice researchers have ethical obligations to

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Which of the following is not essential in maintaining confidentiality in field or survey interviews?

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What was the primary reason for the establishment of institutional review boards?

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The National Crime Victimization Survey prevents researchers of the public from having information on a victim's

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Which special populations require special protections if they are research subjects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The value of institutional review boards includes which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Crime surveys where respondents are asked about their experiences as victims of crime have the potential to cause

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers strive to do no harm to their subjects. Identify what type of harm may occur to subjects and use specific examples to illustrate the potential harm. Include in your answer whether harm is ever appropriate when completing research in criminal justice.

Correct AnswerAnswered by ExamLex AIResearchers in any field, including crim...View AnswerShow Answer

In order to conduct research involving nonhuman subjects, a university must establish an institutional review board (IRB).

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Ethical issues surrounding the prison simulation include all of the following except

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In order to make sure that there was no long-term damage done to the participants of the simulated prison, the researchers held __________ sessions with "prisoners" and "guards" after the termination of the project.

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Which of the following may not constitute voluntary participation?

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Which of the following may present an ethical issue where voluntary participation is concerned?

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The excitement and commitment to scientific advancement may lead researchers to

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Which of the following are not exempt from IRB review under federal guidelines?

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A(n) __________ is the general explanation that prisons are brutal and dehumanizing because of the types of people who run them and are incarcerated in them.

Correct Answerverifieddispositio...View AnswerShow Answer

Explicitly telling people that their participation is voluntary is

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In a web-based survey, anonymity canbe achieved by

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A researcher is least likely to encounter legal liability in which of the following situations?

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The norm of voluntary participation is usually satisfied through

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Researchers in any field, including crim...
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dispositio...
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