A) excessive military expenditures.
B) insufficient incoming receipts from taxes.
C) internal strife, aggravated by growing famine.
D) inferior abilities among the successors to Khubilai Khan.
E) the plague that killed millions of Mongols in 1241 and 1242.
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A) Beijing
B) Canton
C) Hangzhou
D) Khotan
E) Kaifeng
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A) made a significant contribution to the civil service examination system.
B) achieved nothing positive during her rule.
C) deposed her courtiers at the age of 80 and went on to rule another eight years.
D) found a rationalization for her rule in a Daoist sutra.
E) was assassinated on her fortieth birthday.
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A) Mongols.
B) Magyars.
C) Uighurs.
D) Jurchens.
E) Kirghiz.
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A) included a quota system to insure that over one-half of those who took it were peasants.
B) insured that those passing all levels of the exams would receive life-long pensions.
C) was designed to keep the "scholar-gentry" from taking the advanced examinations.
D) was no longer used after the early 600s.
E) was unable to solve the problem of officials using their positions to help their relatives.
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Multiple Choice
A) technical books of instruction for artisans and peasants.
B) general prose.
C) historical narratives.
D) poetry.
E) encyclopedic gazettes.
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A) Buddhist text
B) Census analysis.
C) edition of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms
D) copy of the travelogue of Zheng He.
E) Daoist text
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Multiple Choice
A) Coalition of Islamic and Christian forces against the Mongols.
B) Fire-lances and gunpowder.
C) The death of Genghis Khan.
D) Successful resistance by Muscovite Russia.
E) The attractive positioning of Baghdad.
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A) transportation of food products from the South to the North.
B) rapid communications between regions of China.
C) more efficient dispatching of troops to the provinces.
D) facilitating transmission of Buddhism.
E) Emperor Sui Yangdi could survey his empire.
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