Question 1

If you clean your room to put an end to your father's incessant nagging on the subject, your room-cleaning response has been

Accepted Answer

A)   extinguished.
B)   discriminated.
C)   positively reinforced.
D)   negatively reinforced.

Question 2

If you were to remind research participants of their mortality, you would predict, based on past research, that__________

Accepted Answer

A)   they would respond more negatively to people who criticize their country.
B)   they would hand out harsher penalties to those who break moral cultural traditions.
C)   they would demonstrate increased respect for cultural icons, such as flags.
D)   all of these would be predicted according to terror management theory.

Question 3

Carl Rogers was concerned with how childhood experiences promote congruence or incongruence based on

Accepted Answer

A)   fixation at early stages of development.
B)   parental unconditional or conditional love.
C)   parental self-concept.
D)   the development of free will and self-actualization.

Question 4

Balcetis and colleagues' (2008)  participants who__________predicted that they would donate_______________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   had both parents born in the United States; more than twice as much as was actually donated
B)   had both parents born in China; more than twice as much as was actually donated
C)   had both parents born in China; exactly the same amount as was actually donated
D)   had both parents born in the United States; exactly the same amount as was actually donated

Question 5

Jan relies on obsessive eating and smoking to cope with her problems. According to Freud, Jan is suffering from fixation in the

Accepted Answer

A)   phallic stage.
B)   oral stage.
C)   anal stage.
D)   genital stage.

Question 6

Michael typically posts three selfies an hour to his Instagram account. If he does not receive a number of comments complimenting his appearance, he will take down the photo or use a different filter. Michael is MOST likely_______________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   low in narcissism
B)   high in narcissism
C)   low in openness to experience
D)   high in openness to experience

Question 7

Balcetis et al. (2008) , in The Spotlight on Research study, predicted that those from__________

Accepted Answer

A)   collectivist cultures would demonstrate more accurate predictions about whether they would engage in socially admirable behaviors relative to their individualistic counterparts.
B)   collectivist cultures would demonstrate more accurate predictions about whether they would engage in socially undesirable behaviors relative to their individualistic counterparts.
C)   individualistic cultures would demonstrate more accurate predictions about whether they would engage in socially admirable behaviors relative to their collectivist counterparts.
D)   individualistic cultures would demonstrate more accurate predictions about whether they would engage in socially undesirable behaviors relative to their collectivist counterparts.

Question 8

Freud attributed anxiety to your

Accepted Answer

A)   ego worrying about the id getting out of control.
B)   superego getting out of control.
C)   id taking over your mind and will.
D)   ego getting out of control and taking over your mind.

Question 9

Gary is quite the homebody. He prefers a quiet Friday night on the couch-unlike his roommate, Larry, who likes to be out all hours of the night (and morning)  at parties in the city. Based on this distinction between the two roommates, Gary is__________, and Larry is_____ .

Accepted Answer

A)   low in neuroticism; high in neuroticism
B)   high in extraversion; low in extraversion
C)   low in extraversion; high in extraversion
D)   high in neuroticism; low in neuroticism

Question 10

Projective tests tend to have

Accepted Answer

A)   inconsistent scoring.
B)   susceptibility to intentional deception.
C)   inadequate test norms.
D)   all of these are true.

Question 11

Two months ago, your best friend did not win a major scholarship that she had been counting on to help pay for graduate school. Now she is always fighting with you, her boyfriend, and her roommates. She is most likely using the defense mechanism called

Accepted Answer

A)   regression.
B)   displacement.
C)   projection.
D)   identification.

Question 12

Which of the following are Big Five traits?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neuroticism and intelligence.
B)   Openness to experience and intelligence.
C)   Neuroticism and openness to experience.
D)   Neuroticism, openness to experience, and fortitude.

Question 13

Abel does not listen or engage with other perspectives other than his own, or try anything outside his comfort zone. Abel would BEST be described as__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   low in neuroticism
B)   high in openness to experience
C)   high in neuroticism
D)   low in openness to experience

Question 14

"Shrewd," "timid," and "self-assured" are all adjectives that can be used to represent

Accepted Answer

A)   personality theories.
B)   personality traits.
C)   personality tests.
D)   social situations.

Question 15

Which of the following individuals is credited with discovering classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   Carl Rogers.
B)   Ivan Pavlov.
C)   Sigmund Freud.
D)   Abraham Maslow.

Question 16

Behavioral approaches to personality used to be criticized on the grounds that_____ .

Accepted Answer

A)   they were unscientific
B)   they emphasized unconscious motives
C)   they neglected cognitive processes
D)   there was too much research on people instead of other mammals

Question 17

The vast majority of personality tests take the form of

Accepted Answer

A)   self-report inventories.
B)   projective techniques.
C)   attitude inventories.
D)   family report questionnaires.

Question 18

John molds his interpretation of his past dating relationships to fit how the relationship turned out. This is a common tendency called

Accepted Answer

A)   hindsight bias.
B)   hereditary influence.
C)   an inadequate theory.
D)   wishful thinking.

Question 19

Defense mechanisms are largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from painful emotions.

Accepted Answer

A)   True.
B)    False.

Question 20

The id engages in primary process thinking, while the ego engages in secondary process thinking.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 2: Theories of Personality

Abel does not listen or engage with other perspectives other than his own, or try anything outside his comfort zone. Abel would BEST be described as__________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Balcetis and colleagues' (2008) participants who__________predicted that they would donate_______________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following individuals is credited with discovering classical conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Michael typically posts three selfies an hour to his Instagram account. If he does not receive a number of comments complimenting his appearance, he will take down the photo or use a different filter. Michael is MOST likely_______________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you were to remind research participants of their mortality, you would predict, based on past research, that__________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud attributed anxiety to your

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are Big Five traits?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two months ago, your best friend did not win a major scholarship that she had been counting on to help pay for graduate school. Now she is always fighting with you, her boyfriend, and her roommates. She is most likely using the defense mechanism called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The vast majority of personality tests take the form of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John molds his interpretation of his past dating relationships to fit how the relationship turned out. This is a common tendency called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Behavioral approaches to personality used to be criticized on the grounds that_____ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carl Rogers was concerned with how childhood experiences promote congruence or incongruence based on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Balcetis et al. (2008) , in The Spotlight on Research study, predicted that those from__________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Projective tests tend to have

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you clean your room to put an end to your father's incessant nagging on the subject, your room-cleaning response has been

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gary is quite the homebody. He prefers a quiet Friday night on the couch-unlike his roommate, Larry, who likes to be out all hours of the night (and morning) at parties in the city. Based on this distinction between the two roommates, Gary is__________, and Larry is_____ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Shrewd," "timid," and "self-assured" are all adjectives that can be used to represent

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The id engages in primary process thinking, while the ego engages in secondary process thinking.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Defense mechanisms are largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from painful emotions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jan relies on obsessive eating and smoking to cope with her problems. According to Freud, Jan is suffering from fixation in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Balcetis and colleagues' (2008) participants whopredicted that they would donate_____ .

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Gary is quite the homebody. He prefers a quiet Friday night on the couch-unlike his roommate, Larry, who likes to be out all hours of the night (and morning) at parties in the city. Based on this distinction between the two roommates, Gary is______, and Larry is_ .

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