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A global digital advertising company captures browsing metadata to contextually display relevant images, pages, and links to targeted users. A single page load can generate multiple events that need to be stored individually. The maximum size of an event is 200 KB and the average size is 10 KB. Each page load must query the user's browsing history to provide targeting recommendations. The advertising company expects over 1 billion page visits per day from users in the United States, Europe, Hong Kong, and India. The structure of the metadata varies depending on the event. Additionally, the browsing metadata must be written and read with very low latency to ensure a good viewing experience for the users. Which database solution meets these requirements?


A) Amazon DocumentDB
B) Amazon RDS Multi-AZ deployment
C) Amazon DynamoDB global table
D) Amazon Aurora Global Database

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A company's Security department established new requirements that state internal users must connect to an existing Amazon RDS for SQL Server DB instance using their corporate Active Directory (AD) credentials. A Database Specialist must make the modifications needed to fulfill this requirement. Which combination of actions should the Database Specialist take? (Choose three.)


A) Disable Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) on the RDS SQL Server DB instance.
B) Modify the RDS SQL Server DB instance to use the directory for Windows authentication. Create appropriate new logins.
C) Use the AWS Management Console to create an AWS Managed Microsoft AD. Create a trust relationship with the corporate AD.
D) Stop the RDS SQL Server DB instance, modify it to use the directory for Windows authentication, and start it again. Create appropriate new logins.
E) Use the AWS Management Console to create an AD Connector. Create a trust relationship with the corporate AD.
F) Configure the AWS Managed Microsoft AD domain controller Security Group.

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A company wants to automate the creation of secure test databases with random credentials to be stored safely for later use. The credentials should have sufficient information about each test database to initiate a connection and perform automated credential rotations. The credentials should not be logged or stored anywhere in an unencrypted form. Which steps should a Database Specialist take to meet these requirements using an AWS CloudFormation template?


A) Create the database with the MasterUserName and MasterUserPassword properties set to the default values. Then, create the secret with the user name and password set to the same default values. Add a Secret Target Attachment resource with the SecretId and TargetId properties set to the Amazon Resource Names (ARNs) of the secret and the database. Finally, update the secret's password value with a randomly generated string set by the GenerateSecretString property.
B) Add a Mapping property from the database Amazon Resource Name (ARN) to the secret ARN. Then, create the secret with a chosen user name and a randomly generated password set by the GenerateSecretString property. Add the database with the MasterUserName and MasterUserPassword properties set to the user name of the secret.
C) Add a resource of type AWS::SecretsManager::Secret and specify the GenerateSecretString property. Then, define the database user name in the SecureStringTemplate template. Create a resource for the database and reference the secret string for the MasterUserName and MasterUserPassword properties. Then, add a resource of type AWS::SecretsManagerSecretTargetAttachment with the SecretId and TargetId properties set to the Amazon Resource Names (ARNs) of the secret and the database.
D) Create the secret with a chosen user name and a randomly generated password set by the GenerateSecretString property. Add an SecretTargetAttachment resource with the SecretId property set to the Amazon Resource Name (ARN) of the secret and the TargetId property set to a parameter value matching the desired database ARN. Then, create a database with the MasterUserName and MasterUserPassword properties set to the previously created values in the secret.

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A Database Specialist is performing a proof of concept with Amazon Aurora using a small instance to confirm a simple database behavior. When loading a large dataset and creating the index, the Database Specialist encounters the following error message from Aurora: ERROR: cloud not write block 7507718 of temporary file: No space left on device What is the cause of this error and what should the Database Specialist do to resolve this issue?


A) The scaling of Aurora storage cannot catch up with the data loading. The Database Specialist needs to modify the workload to load the data slowly.
B) The scaling of Aurora storage cannot catch up with the data loading. The Database Specialist needs to enable Aurora storage scaling.
C) The local storage used to store temporary tables is full. The Database Specialist needs to scale up the instance.
D) The local storage used to store temporary tables is full. The Database Specialist needs to enable local storage scaling.

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An online retail company is planning a multi-day flash sale that must support processing of up to 5,000 orders per second. The number of orders and exact schedule for the sale will vary each day. During the sale, approximately 10,000 concurrent users will look at the deals before buying items. Outside of the sale, the traffic volume is very low. The acceptable performance for read/write queries should be under 25 ms. Order items are about 2 KB in size and have a unique identifier. The company requires the most cost-effective solution that will automatically scale and is highly available. Which solution meets these requirements?


A) Amazon DynamoDB with on-demand capacity mode
B) Amazon Aurora with one writer node and an Aurora Replica with the parallel query feature enabled
C) Amazon DynamoDB with provisioned capacity mode with 5,000 write capacity units (WCUs) and 10,000 read capacity units (RCUs)
D) Amazon Aurora with one writer node and two cross-Region Aurora Replicas

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A company has an on-premises system that tracks various database operations that occur over the lifetime of a database, including database shutdown, deletion, creation, and backup. The company recently moved two databases to Amazon RDS and is looking at a solution that would satisfy these requirements. The data could be used by other systems within the company. Which solution will meet these requirements with minimal effort?


A) Create an Amazon Cloudwatch Events rule with the operations that need to be tracked on Amazon RDS. Create an AWS Lambda function to act on these rules and write the output to the tracking systems.
B) Create an AWS Lambda function to trigger on AWS CloudTrail API calls. Filter on specific RDS API calls and write the output to the tracking systems.
C) Create RDS event subscriptions. Have the tracking systems subscribe to specific RDS event system notifications.
D) Write RDS logs to Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose. Create an AWS Lambda function to act on these rules and write the output to the tracking systems.

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A company is migrating a mission-critical 2-TB Oracle database from on premises to Amazon Aurora. The cost for the database migration must be kept to a minimum, and both the on-premises Oracle database and the Aurora DB cluster must remain open for write traffic until the company is ready to completely cut over to Aurora. Which combination of actions should a database specialist take to accomplish this migration as quickly as possible? (Choose two.)


A) Use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to convert the source database schema. Then restore the converted schema to the target Aurora DB cluster.
B) Use Oracle's Data Pump tool to export a copy of the source database schema and manually edit the schema in a text editor to make it compatible with Aurora.
C) Create an AWS DMS task to migrate data from the Oracle database to the Aurora DB cluster. Select the migration type to replicate ongoing changes to keep the source and target databases in sync until the company is ready to move all user traffic to the Aurora DB cluster.
D) Create an AWS DMS task to migrate data from the Oracle database to the Aurora DB cluster. Once the initial load is complete, create an AWS Kinesis Data Firehose stream to perform change data capture (CDC) until the company is ready to move all user traffic to the Aurora DB cluster.
E) Create an AWS Glue job and related resources to migrate data from the Oracle database to the Aurora DB cluster. Once the initial load is complete, create an AWS DMS task to perform change data capture (CDC) until the company is ready to move all user traffic to the Aurora DB cluster.

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A company has an Amazon RDS Multi-AZ DB instances that is 200 GB in size with an RPO of 6 hours. To meet the company's disaster recovery policies, the database backup needs to be copied into another Region. The company requires the solution to be cost-effective and operationally efficient. What should a Database Specialist do to copy the database backup into a different Region?


A) Use Amazon RDS automated snapshots and use AWS Lambda to copy the snapshot into another Region
B) Use Amazon RDS automated snapshots every 6 hours and use Amazon S3 cross-Region replication to copy the snapshot into another Region
C) Create an AWS Lambda function to take an Amazon RDS snapshot every 6 hours and use a second Lambda function to copy the snapshot into another Region
D) Create a cross-Region read replica for Amazon RDS in another Region and take an automated snapshot of the read replica

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An online shopping company has a large inflow of shopping requests daily. As a result, there is a consistent load on the company's Amazon RDS database. A database specialist needs to ensure the database is up and running at all times. The database specialist wants an automatic notification system for issues that may cause database downtime or for configuration changes made to the database. What should the database specialist do to achieve this? (Choose two.)


A) Create an Amazon CloudWatch Events event to send a notification using Amazon SNS on every API call logged in AWS CloudTrail.
B) Subscribe to an RDS event subscription and configure it to use an Amazon SNS topic to send notifications.
C) Use Amazon SES to send notifications based on configured Amazon CloudWatch Events events.
D) Configure Amazon CloudWatch alarms on various metrics, such as FreeStorageSpace for the RDS instance.
E) Enable email notifications for AWS Trusted Advisor.

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A company is running Amazon RDS for MySQL for its workloads. There is downtime when AWS operating system patches are applied during the Amazon RDS-specified maintenance window. What is the MOST cost-effective action that should be taken to avoid downtime?


A) Migrate the workloads from Amazon RDS for MySQL to Amazon DynamoDB
B) Enable cross-Region read replicas and direct read traffic to then when Amazon RDS is down
C) Enable a read replicas and direct read traffic to it when Amazon RDS is down
D) Enable an Amazon RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ configuration

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A Database Specialist is troubleshooting an application connection failure on an Amazon Aurora DB cluster with multiple Aurora Replicas that had been running with no issues for the past 2 months. The connection failure lasted for 5 minutes and corrected itself after that. The Database Specialist reviewed the Amazon RDS events and determined a failover event occurred at that time. The failover process took around 15 seconds to complete. What is the MOST likely cause of the 5-minute connection outage?


A) After a database crash, Aurora needed to replay the redo log from the last database checkpoint
B) The client-side application is caching the DNS data and its TTL is set too high
C) After failover, the Aurora DB cluster needs time to warm up before accepting client connections
D) There were no active Aurora Replicas in the Aurora DB cluster

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A company is running an Amazon RDS for PostgeSQL DB instance and wants to migrate it to an Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster. The current database is 1 TB in size. The migration needs to have minimal downtime. What is the FASTEST way to accomplish this?


A) Create an Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster. Set up replication from the source RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance using AWS DMS to the target DB cluster.
B) Use the pg_dump and pg_restore utilities to extract and restore the RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance to the Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster.
C) Create a database snapshot of the RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance and use this snapshot to create the Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster.
D) Migrate data from the RDS for PostgreSQL DB instance to an Aurora PostgreSQL DB cluster using an Aurora Replica. Promote the replica during the cutover.

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A company has a 20 TB production Amazon Aurora DB cluster. The company runs a large batch job overnight to load data into the Aurora DB cluster. To ensure the company's development team has the most up-to-date data for testing, a copy of the DB cluster must be available in the shortest possible time after the batch job completes. How should this be accomplished?


A) Use the AWS CLI to schedule a manual snapshot of the DB cluster. Restore the snapshot to a new DB cluster using the AWS CLI.
B) Create a dump file from the DB cluster. Load the dump file into a new DB cluster.
C) Schedule a job to create a clone of the DB cluster at the end of the overnight batch process.
D) Set up a new daily AWS DMS task that will use cloning and change data capture (CDC) on the DB cluster to copy the data to a new DB cluster. Set up a time for the AWS DMS stream to stop when the new cluster is current.

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A Database Specialist is working with a company to launch a new website built on Amazon Aurora with several Aurora Replicas. This new website will replace an on-premises website connected to a legacy relational database. Due to stability issues in the legacy database, the company would like to test the resiliency of Aurora. Which action can the Database Specialist take to test the resiliency of the Aurora DB cluster?


A) Stop the DB cluster and analyze how the website responds
B) Use Aurora fault injection to crash the master DB instance
C) Remove the DB cluster endpoint to simulate a master DB instance failure
D) Use Aurora Backtrack to crash the DB cluster

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A company is hosting critical business data in an Amazon Redshift cluster. Due to the sensitive nature of the data, the cluster is encrypted at rest using AWS KMS. As a part of disaster recovery requirements, the company needs to copy the Amazon Redshift snapshots to another Region. Which steps should be taken in the AWS Management Console to meet the disaster recovery requirements?


A) Create a new KMS customer master key in the source Region. Switch to the destination Region, enable Amazon Redshift cross-Region snapshots, and use the KMS key of the source Region.
B) Create a new IAM role with access to the KMS key. Enable Amazon Redshift cross-Region replication using the new IAM role, and use the KMS key of the source Region.
C) Enable Amazon Redshift cross-Region snapshots in the source Region, and create a snapshot copy grant and use a KMS key in the destination Region.
D) Create a new KMS customer master key in the destination Region and create a new IAM role with access to the new KMS key. Enable Amazon Redshift cross-Region replication in the source Region and use the KMS key of the destination Region.

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A company is deploying a solution in Amazon Aurora by migrating from an on-premises system. The IT department has established an AWS Direct Connect link from the company's data center. The company's Database Specialist has selected the option to require SSL/TLS for connectivity to prevent plaintext data from being set over the network. The migration appears to be working successfully, and the data can be queried from a desktop machine. Two Data Analysts have been asked to query and validate the data in the new Aurora DB cluster. Both Analysts are unable to connect to Aurora. Their user names and passwords have been verified as valid and the Database Specialist can connect to the DB cluster using their accounts. The Database Specialist also verified that the security group configuration allows network from all corporate IP addresses. What should the Database Specialist do to correct the Data Analysts' inability to connect?


A) Restart the DB cluster to apply the SSL change.
B) Instruct the Data Analysts to download the root certificate and use the SSL certificate on the connection string to connect.
C) Add explicit mappings between the Data Analysts' IP addresses and the instance in the security group assigned to the DB cluster.
D) Modify the Data Analysts' local client firewall to allow network traffic to AWS.

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A company hosts an internal file-sharing application running on Amazon EC2 instances in VPC_A. This application is backed by an Amazon ElastiCache cluster, which is in VPC_B and peered with VPC_A. The company migrates its application instances from VPC_A to VPC_B. Logs indicate that the file-sharing application no longer can connect to the ElastiCache cluster. What should a database specialist do to resolve this issue?


A) Create a second security group on the EC2 instances. Add an outbound rule to allow traffic from the ElastiCache cluster security group.
B) Delete the ElastiCache security group. Add an interface VPC endpoint to enable the EC2 instances to connect to the ElastiCache cluster.
C) Modify the ElastiCache security group by adding outbound rules that allow traffic to VPC_B's CIDR blocks from the ElastiCache cluster.
D) Modify the ElastiCache security group by adding an inbound rule that allows traffic from the EC2 instances' security group to the ElastiCache cluster.

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A retail company with its main office in New York and another office in Tokyo plans to build a database solution on AWS. The company's main workload consists of a mission-critical application that updates its application data in a data store. The team at the Tokyo office is building dashboards with complex analytical queries using the application data. The dashboards will be used to make buying decisions, so they need to have access to the application data in less than 1 second. Which solution meets these requirements?


A) Use an Amazon RDS DB instance deployed in the us-east-1 Region with a read replica instance in the ap-northeast-1 Region. Create an Amazon ElastiCache cluster in the ap-northeast-1 Region to cache application data from the replica to generate the dashboards.
B) Use an Amazon DynamoDB global table in the us-east-1 Region with replication into the ap-northeast-1 Region. Use Amazon QuickSight for displaying dashboard results.
C) Use an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance deployed in the us-east-1 Region with a read replica instance in the ap-northeast-1 Region. Have the dashboard application read from the read replica.
D) Use an Amazon Aurora global database. Deploy the writer instance in the us-east-1 Region and the replica in the ap-northeast-1 Region. Have the dashboard application read from the replica ap-northeast-1 Region.

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A company is using an Amazon RDS for MySQL DB instance for its internal applications. A security audit shows that the DB instance is not encrypted at rest. The company's application team needs to encrypt the DB instance. What should the team do to meet this requirement?


A) Stop the DB instance and modify it to enable encryption. Apply this setting immediately without waiting for the next scheduled RDS maintenance window.
B) Stop the DB instance and create an encrypted snapshot. Restore the encrypted snapshot to a new encrypted DB instance. Delete the original DB instance, and update the applications to point to the new encrypted DB instance.
C) Stop the DB instance and create a snapshot. Copy the snapshot into another encrypted snapshot. Restore the encrypted snapshot to a new encrypted DB instance. Delete the original DB instance, and update the applications to point to the new encrypted DB instance.
D) Create an encrypted read replica of the DB instance. Promote the read replica to master. Delete the original DB instance, and update the applications to point to the new encrypted DB instance.

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A company is about to launch a new product, and test databases must be re-created from production data. The company runs its production databases on an Amazon Aurora MySQL DB cluster. A Database Specialist needs to deploy a solution to create these test databases as quickly as possible with the least amount of administrative effort. What should the Database Specialist do to meet these requirements?


A) Restore a snapshot from the production cluster into test clusters
B) Create logical dumps of the production cluster and restore them into new test clusters
C) Use database cloning to create clones of the production cluster
D) Add an additional read replica to the production cluster and use that node for testing

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