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Agents that increase the possibility of a cancer developing, although by themselves they may not cause cancer, are called ________.

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Surgery remains a mainstay in the treatment of many forms of cancer, but it is no longer used in diagnosis due to the risks associated with surgery and improved nonsurgical diagnostic methods.

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Which of the following is NOT among the risk factors for breast cancer?


A) late onset of menopause
B) older age
C) late onset of menarche (menstruation)
D) family history of mother with breast cancer

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Which of the following is NOT a type of skin cancer?


A) squamous cell
B) sarcoma
C) melanoma
D) basal cell

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Colon cancer screening tests include all of the following EXCEPT the


A) fecal occult blood test.
B) colon-specific antigen test.
C) flexible sigmoidoscopy.
D) colonoscopy.

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Although there are two types of ultraviolet rays, only UVB rays cause skin cancer.

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The tissue to which a cancer has metastasized determines what type of cancer it is.

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Which of the following is NOT a source of ionizing radiation?


A) radon
B) UVA rays
C) medical X-rays
D) computer screens

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Which cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in men and the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men (excluding skin cancer) ?


A) lung cancer
B) prostate cancer
C) colon cancer
D) testicular cancer

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Certain environmental conditions can increase one's likelihood of being exposed to carcinogens and developing cancer.Which of the following is NOT an environment that increases one's exposure to carcinogens?


A) cities
B) farming states
C) industrial areas
D) dense forests

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What determines which type of cancer an individual is diagnosed with?


A) the tissue in which a cancer originates or the primary site
B) the type of stem cell that mutates
C) the initiating event agent
D) the location to which the cancer metastasizes

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Physical inactivity is the single most preventable cause of cancer in the United States.

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The leading cause of cancer death is attributed to what type of cancer?


A) colon
B) breast
C) skin
D) lung

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In many cases cancer is seen as a chronic disease that can be managed.

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Cancer promoters directly alter a cell's DNA, creating a genetic alteration that can lead to cancer.

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Which of the following statements about diet's effect on cancer is FALSE?


A) Diets high in fat have been associated with several types of cancer.
B) Diets high in fiber appear to increase the risk of colon cancer.
C) Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains appear to decrease the risk for multiple cancers.
D) Diets that include red and pink fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk for prostate cancer.

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For most people, symptoms associated with lung cancer appear early in the disease.

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The risk of cancer from sun exposure for basal cell carcinomas is cumulative, meaning the more exposure over the years, the greater your risk.

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The prognosis for most cancers is poorer once metastasis has occurred.

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Tanning beds have been associated with basal and squamous cell cancer, but not with melanoma.

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