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Identify a recent example of congressional oversight of an executive agency. (Note: depending on the level of students, professor may wish to provide a list of topics.) What tools did members of Congress use in conducting the oversight? Were they successful in changing the behavior of the agency? How did the proceedings reflect the concept of "two Congresses"?

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Students should use news and government ...

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What are the main duties of an Inspector General?

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IGs are independent offices th...

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What are some of the major means Congress has to oversee the executive branch? Which of these seem to be most and least effective in the modern Congress? Overall, is the oversight process effective?

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Students should identify and describe so...

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Which of the following situations encourages vigorous congressional oversight?


A) conditional party government
B) growing use of the filibuster
C) unified government
D) divided government

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Contrary to what many people believe, the federal workforce has remained relatively constant in size.

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All of the following are steps in the rulemaking process EXCEPT ______.


A) notice in the Federal Register
B) majority approval in the House
C) public comment period
D) cost-benefit analysis

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How has the emerging idea of the "public as watchdog" impacted congressional oversight?

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The public as watchdog is the idea that lawmakers along with civic-minded individuals and new technological developments can empower ordinary citizens to become government watchdogs. For example, citizens can monitor which projects are receiving federal dollars online. These developments may lessen the oversight burden on Congress by providing a broader-based "police patrol" outside of Congress.

What does the Hatch Act do?


A) set the salaries of government employees
B) limited the number of political appointees in each agency
C) restricted the partisan activities of federal employees
D) ended the spoils system and replaced it with the merit system

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What are the limitations on political activity by government employees in the bureaucracy?

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These limitations were first established...

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Despite being ruled unconstitutional, Congress continues to use the legislative veto as a tool of oversight.

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Which of the following is an example of police patrol oversight?


A) requiring regular reports from agencies and reading them carefully to discover violations
B) using casework as a form of oversight
C) responding to an investigative report in the New York Times with congressional hearings
D) using a complaint from the National Rifle Association to springboard an investigation into a federal agency

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What are some of the barriers to successful congressional oversight?

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Students could address a variety of issues, including the following: unified government may dampen oversight; committees may develop friendly alliances with or biases toward the agencies they authorize, fund, and oversee; the fact that many oversight tools (such as appropriations or new statutes) are blunt tools; and difficulties with assessing when an agency is failing to follow the law.

Inspectors general are an example of police patrol oversight.

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Individual senators regularly threaten filibusters or place holds on nominations.

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Because the bureaucracy is part of the executive branch, Congress has no control over it.

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What was the patronage system and what is its modern equivalent? How do the older and more modern systems compare?

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The patronage system was the practice of handing out federal jobs to the supporters of the party that had won the presidency. The modern equivalent is political appointees, wherein the president can select whomever he or she chooses for certain administrative jobs and will often award these to supporters. However, the scope of political appointments is smaller than the patronage system. That said, the selection of employees on a basis other than merit can create problems if these individuals are not competent to perform the job.

What is the Government Accountability Office?


A) a think-tank focused on government accountability
B) an office within the executive branch that investigates fraud
C) the office that helps Congress write a budget each year
D) Congress's chief investigative agency

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Why does Congress choose to delegate rulemaking power to executive bureaucracies?

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The biggest reason is time; Congress doe...

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Who is considered to be the government's first line of defense against fraud?


A) the president
B) inspectors general
C) Supreme Court
D) attorney general

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What is "advice and consent" and how can the president bypass it?

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This is the power of the Senate to appro...

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