Exam 14: How Is Anthropology Applied in the Field of Medicine

A) South Asians become sick when they try to consume powdered milk.
B) Adults who are able to absorb lactose from milk effectively appear to be genetically related to human populations with a history of dairying.
C) Most human infants are able to absorb lactose.
D) Many North Americans and Europeans consume milk well into adulthood.
E) Adults without lactase can develop serious intestinal upset after consuming fresh milk.

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A) In some settings, one's status with regard to infectious diseases such as HIV can lead to social ostracism.
B) Patients may not be willing to join self-help groups unless the groups are seen to offer tangible material benefits.
C) Patients in some cultural settings may not separate their own well-being from that of their families.
D) Patient organizing, such as that seen in the Brazilian case, may be undermined in other places because of government prohibitions on grassroots organizing.
E) All of the above.

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E

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Social suffering and trauma can have pro...

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A) Is the result of a lifestyle choice.
B) Could be prevented by using condoms.
C) Is shaped by social and economic forces.
D) Is spread by the military.
E) Is the result of maladaptive behavioral choices.

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Sickle cell anemia is considered a biocu...

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Biosociality refers to the ways in which...

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A) "Sukh" in the local language.
B) Experiential health.
C) Somatization.
D) Displacement.
E) Liminality.

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A) Biomedical practitioners were accustomed to blaming the victim.
B) Poor women diagnosed with cervical cancer had come to rely on charity for treatment.
C) The treatment brought on negative side effects, including pain in connection with intercourse.
D) Men in Brazil are defined in terms of their sexual behavior.
E) The women used stigmatizing metaphors to organize their illness narratives.

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E

A) Of its appreciation for structural violence.
B) It recognizes that the poor are far more likely to suffer a heavy burden of disease.
C) Of a general insistence of medical pluralism.
D) It places human sickness and health in a broad evolutionary context.
E) None of the above.

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A) Embodied inequality.
B) Social exclusive identity.
C) Biological citizenship.
D) Biosociality.
E) Subjectivity.

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A) Emphasize that the practice of medicine is something found primarily in urban areas.
B) Indicate that non-Western medical beliefs and practices are best understood as cultural systems.
C) Suggest that biomedical approaches were one of a number of possible alternatives available to many people in multicultural societies.
D) Contrast modern medical training from traditional, ethnomedical approaches.
E) All of the above.

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C

A) Forms of physical, mental, or emotional distress experienced by individuals who may or may not subscribe to biomedical understandings of disease.
B) Classifications of physical, mental, and emotional distress as recognized by members of a particular cultural community.
C) A suffering person's own understanding of his or her physical, mental, or emotional distress.
D) Both b and c
E) None of the above.

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A) An integrated science.
B) A biocultural model.
C) An ethnomedical system.
D) A biomedical paradigm.
E) None of the above.

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A) How to cure the specific disease.
B) How to statistically model characteristics of a population such as age and gender.
C) The frequency and geographic distribution of the disease in this population.
D) How the disease went from being endemic to epidemic.
E) All of the above.

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A) Illness and disease cannot be distinguished without diagnostic tests.
B) Illness is a suffering person's feeling of not being normal and healthy.
C) Illness is an objectively measurable pathological condition of the body.
D) Illness offers a way for medical anthropologists to contrast culture-bound syndromes and biomedical disease.
E) Illness is a culturally specific form of a sickness.

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A) Modifications to the physiology of individual human organisms produced by natural selection that better adjusts them to their environment.
B) A culturally mediated human adaption to the environment.
C) A form of adaptation that relies on processes different from natural selection.
D) Having a tendency to undermine the ability of human groups to cope with environmental challenges.
E) Disruptive to stable ways of life.

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A) The product of processes of social exclusion acting on a neglected body.
B) The physical toll that inequality takes on some people.
C) Weak or absent social networks.
D) The nonbiomedical beliefs and practices of individual sufferers.
E) None of the above.

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A) Residual damage when buildings, bridges, or other similar structures collapse.
B) The way that political and economic forces structure risk for suffering within a population.
C) Military operations that are the result of civil war and internal unrest.
D) Adjustments that undermine the ability to cope with environmental changes.
E) Actions by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

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