Question 1

Milgram and Toch define characteristics of collective behaviour. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

A)   relatively rare
B)   emerges spontaneously
C)   unplanned and relatively unorganized
D)   energize by interstimulation among participants
E)   lots and lots of people

Question 2

Which of the following is true of research on deindividuation?

Accepted Answer

A)   individuals in crowds invariably show decreases in social inhibition
B)   there is a relationship between anonymity and antisocial behaviour
C)   research findings seem to support the deindividuation hypothesis, but they do not by themselves demonstrate that deindividuation has occurred
D)   the deindividuation hypothesis lacks empirical support
E)   both b and c

Question 3

Which of the following characteristics does not apply to a fad?

Accepted Answer

A)   it involves extreme behaviour
B)   it involves extensive and anonymous interpersonal interaction
C)   it is a short-lived type of collective behaviour
D)   it is slow to develop but once popular, fades quickly
E)   it frequently involves fun or frivolous behaviours

Question 4

If generalized anxieties build up and a precipitating event occurs that allows these anxieties to be attached to an external threat, what is likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   hysterical contagion
B)   fear contagion
C)   hostility contagion
D)   panic
E)   expression contagion

Question 5

People who feel crowded experience arousal and then explain that arousal by the crowded situation. Which theory is this explanation about?

Accepted Answer

A)   density-intensity
B)   behavioural sink
C)   attribution
D)   loss of control
E)   sensory overload

Question 6

Research on rumours and certainty about them show that:

Accepted Answer

A)   beliefs and certainty about the beliefs are separate
B)   the degree of certainty about a rumour can diminish even while the content of the belief remains
C)   uncertainty causes a rumour to diminish or disappear
D)   both a and b
E)   none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of collective behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)   it is relatively unorganized
B)   it emerges spontaneously
C)   there are strong pre-existing group norms
D)   both a and b
E)   all of the above

Question 8

How does a mob differ from a riot?

Accepted Answer

A)   a mob reflects fear contagion whereas a riot reflects hostility contagion
B)   a mob involves fewer people than a riot
C)   a mob directs its hostility at a few low-power individuals whereas a riot directs its hostility at groups of similar or greater power
D)   a and c
E)   all of the above

Question 9

An urban legend is:

Accepted Answer

A)   a story, generally accepted by the inhabitants of a city, about how the city was founded
B)   a rumour of impending danger which spreads by contagion throughout a city
C)   a shared but highly distorted view of city life held by rural people
D)   an account of a surprising and implausible event that probably never really happened which sweeps through a population, and where the source is usually a 'friend of a friend'
E)   any account of seemingly believable events which spreads rapidly through a city

Question 10

How does collective behaviour differ from social facilitation and the social pressures that produce conformity, compliance and obedience?

Accepted Answer

A)   it occurs in the absence of pre-existing group norms
B)   there is no direct pressure on individuals to behave in a collective manner
C)   there are no leaders or systems demanding obedience
D)   it depends on the suggestibility of a large number of people
E)   a, b and c

Question 11

Which of the following is a condition that contributes to the formation of rumours?

Accepted Answer

A)   a situation of great uncertainty
B)   a situation that is important to a group of people, yet information is scarce
C)   people are worried about the situation
D)   both a and c
E)   all of the above

Question 12

Which theory provides an alternative to the deindividuation explanation for the experiment where participants wore overcoats and hoods?

Accepted Answer

A)   density-intensity
B)   loss of control
C)   attribution theory
D)   social identity (SID
E)  
E)   the weather outside

Question 13

In the Middle Ages in Europe, a poor crop or stillbirth was often blamed on witches. Thousands of innocent women were burned at the stake. This appears to have been a:

Accepted Answer

A)   contagion of enthusiasm
B)   contagion of hostility
C)   contagion of aggression
D)   contagion of fear
E)   contagion of witchcraft

Question 14

Which of the following characteristics applies to a fad?

Accepted Answer

A)   it is a short-lived type of collective behaviour
B)   it involves extreme behaviour
C)   it frequently involves fun or frivolous behaviour
D)   all of the above
E)   none of the above

Question 15

According to Le Bon (1895) , a number of factors contribute to the development of a 'collective mind', a concept from which the contagion theory of collective behaviour arose. Which is NOT one of the factors that Le Bon believed promoted this collective mind?

Accepted Answer

A)   suggestibility
B)   a sense of decreased power
C)   a sense of anonymity
D)   a sense of decreased personal responsibility
E)   a liberation of animalistic instincts

Question 16

Being in crowded situation can be pleasant or unpleasant depending on factors such as:

Accepted Answer

A)   whether we feel overwhelmed by sensory stimulation
B)   whether we would normally find a similar situation pleasant or unpleasant
C)   whether we feel free to leave the situation
D)   how we interpret the arousal that we feel by being crowded
E)   any or all of the above

Question 17

What kind of situation is likely to produce panic?

Accepted Answer

A)   when there is severe physical danger
B)   when there is only one or a limited number of avenues of escape
C)   when there is no avenue of escape
D)   both a and b
E)   all of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in the development of a social movement (Macionis & Gerber, 2011) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   emergence
B)   coalescence into a movement
C)   bureaucratization
D)   revolutionary change
E)   decline

Question 19

In the 'Behavioural Sink' study in which a colony of 48 rats was allowed to increase its population to 80 within the same space, it was found that the rats:

Accepted Answer

A)   exhibited abnormal mating behaviour
B)   showed signs of severe stress
C)   were on the verge of starving within a very short time
D)   both a and b
E)   all of the above

Question 20

A social movement refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   a spontaneous large group that reacts with hostility toward scapegoats
B)   a spontaneous large group constituted in support of a set of shared purposes
C)   a spontaneous large group with relatively informal and short-term goals
D)   a collection of non-conformists in any group or society
E)   a spontaneous large group that acts in a highly disorganized, irrational and hysterical but non-violent way

Exam 14: Crowds and Collective Behaviour

In the Middle Ages in Europe, a poor crop or stillbirth was often blamed on witches. Thousands of innocent women were burned at the stake. This appears to have been a:

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In the 'Behavioural Sink' study in which a colony of 48 rats was allowed to increase its population to 80 within the same space, it was found that the rats:

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Milgram and Toch define characteristics of collective behaviour. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

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Research on rumours and certainty about them show that:

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Being in crowded situation can be pleasant or unpleasant depending on factors such as:

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Which of the following is a characteristic of collective behaviour?

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If generalized anxieties build up and a precipitating event occurs that allows these anxieties to be attached to an external threat, what is likely to occur?

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Which of the following is true of research on deindividuation?

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Which theory provides an alternative to the deindividuation explanation for the experiment where participants wore overcoats and hoods?

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A social movement refers to:

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Which of the following characteristics applies to a fad?

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How does a mob differ from a riot?

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Which of the following is a condition that contributes to the formation of rumours?

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Which of the following is NOT one of the stages in the development of a social movement (Macionis & Gerber, 2011) ?

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How does collective behaviour differ from social facilitation and the social pressures that produce conformity, compliance and obedience?

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People who feel crowded experience arousal and then explain that arousal by the crowded situation. Which theory is this explanation about?

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What kind of situation is likely to produce panic?

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Which of the following characteristics does not apply to a fad?

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An urban legend is:

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According to Le Bon (1895) , a number of factors contribute to the development of a 'collective mind', a concept from which the contagion theory of collective behaviour arose. Which is NOT one of the factors that Le Bon believed promoted this collective mind?

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