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A moral entrepreneur seeks broad changes in norms and the enforcement of them, or a focus on ______.


A) a social epiphany
B) an ethical worldview
C) moral conversion
D) public morality

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Unlike other concepts, deviance remains the same across social locations.

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The view that some behaviors, conditions, and beliefs are inherently deviant is based on which of the following perspectives?


A) the subjective perspective
B) the objective perspective
C) the relativist perspective
D) the absolutist perspective

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After Joachim broke into the school and stole a computer, the kids all called him a thief and refused to have anything to do with him. As a result, Joachim felt he had nothing to lose when he robbed a bank with a plan to skip town. This act is called ______ deviance.


A) primary
B) secondary
C) complementary
D) subordinate

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Which statement best describes the relativist perspective of deviance?


A) Deviant behaviors, conditions, and beliefs differ from culture to culture.
B) All cultures share similar ideas of what deviant behavior, conditions, and beliefs are.
C) Deviance is an inherited characteristic.
D) Sociological research on deviance is largely based around the deviant behavior of minorities.

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Which technique of neutralization involves drawing attention from a person's own behavior by blaming the victim, who only accused him or her out of spite?


A) individuating information
B) condemning the condemners
C) appeal to higher loyalties
D) denial of injury

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A teenager shoplifts an expensive shirt from a store. Sociologists would most likely categorize his deviant behavior using the ______ approach.


A) statistical
B) normative
C) legalistic
D) moralistic

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Individuals who want to manufacture public morality and seek to change norms to fit their own moral viewpoint are called ______.


A) religious crusaders
B) social advocates
C) biased politicians
D) moral entrepreneurs

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As moral entrepreneurs, rule enforcers are limited to police, judges, and others in positions of authority.

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When Toma was arrested for releasing all the animals from a lab that was using them for research, she told the judge she didn't do anything wrong, and that the lab was the criminal. What technique of neutralization was Toma using?


A) denial of victim
B) condemning the condemners
C) appeal to higher loyalties
D) denial of injury

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The ______ perspective perceives deviance as socially constructed and focuses on power dynamics in determining who is considered deviant.


A) symbolic interactionist
B) functionalist
C) conflict
D) anomie

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Which perspective claims that crime and deviance should be understood in terms of what they contribute to society?


A) structural functionalism
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) feminist theory

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Explain how deviance occurs in different forms (behaviors, conditions, and beliefs), and provide an example of each form.

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Sociologists argue that behaviors, condi...

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The medicalization of deviance has led to the transition of evidence of sin from "badness" to ______.


A) fatalism
B) ordinary
C) sickness
D) zealotry

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When there is widespread fear that public morality will collapse, ______ become a target for public anxiety.


A) political leaders
B) religious figures
C) folk devils
D) individuals of authority

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Roger really wanted Maoira to like him, even though she knew he had been incarcerated when he was younger. So he told her about the work he was doing at the prison to help rehabilitate the inmates, including teaching reading and offering advice. What compensatory strategy was Roger using?


A) acknowledgment
B) individuating information
C) increased positivity
D) indirect disclosure

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Rahanna thought it was strange that Jacob wouldn't tell her anything about his past, but she figured out why when she noticed a tattoo of a gang sign on his upper arm. Which stigma management technique was used?


A) fabrication
B) signaling
C) differentiating
D) normalizing

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The ______ approach considers a violation of any norms deviant.


A) statistical
B) legalistic
C) normative
D) absolutist

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Which of these is an example of a visible stigma?


A) homosexuality
B) facial disfigurement
C) criminal record
D) mental illness

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The power to define others as deviant and to resist having the label applied to oneself is related to ______.


A) age
B) gender
C) geography
D) social position

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