Exam 11: Other Chronic Diseases and Conditions

A) Chronic diseases appear and develop more quickly than most other diseases.
B) Genetics and lifestyle factors play the biggest role in how chronic diseases appear and develop.
C) Chronic diseases are often referred to as "communicable diseases" because of the ease in which they spread from person to person.
D) Chronic diseases are the third-highest cause of death in the world.

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A) At birth
B) At childhood
C) During their childbearing years
D) During or after menopause

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A) Excess buildups of uric acid in the body
B) Hormone imbalances caused by osteoporosis
C) The body's immune system attacking the cells in the joints
D) Erosion of the cartilage between bones

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A) Osteoporosis is a major cause of bone fractures in postmenopausal women.
B) Once formed, bone cells harden and die.
C) After 50 years of age, bone formation begins to exceed bone resorption.
D) Men are twice as likely as women to develop osteoporosis as they age.

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A) Inadequate insulin production
B) Presence of rheumatoid factor in the blood
C) Decrease in bone mass
D) All of these are correct.

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A) Osteoporosis is less common among African-American women than it is among White and Asian women.
B) African-Americans are about as likely as White Americans to have arthritis, but are more likely to have debilitating symptoms.
C) Diabetes is more prevalent among non-White populations, such as American Indians, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, and Asian-Americans.
D) All of these are correct.

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Autoimmune diseases are diseases in which the body's immune system attacks healthy body cells, tissues, or organs. They include Hashimoto's disease (hypothyroidism), lupus, Sjögren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic active hepatitis, type 1 diabetes, and others. Female reproductive hormones appear to play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases.

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A) Quitting smoking
B) Performing weight-bearing exercises
C) Getting enough calcium and vitamin D in the diet
D) All of these are correct.

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1. They persist or progress for long periods of time, often decades or more. 2. They do not resolve spontaneously and can rarely be cured. 3. They can force people with them to permanently and dramatically change their ways of living. 4. They are usually caused by genetics or lifestyle rather than infectious agents. 5. They tend to share lifestyle-related risk factors such as high blood pressure, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking. 6. They tend to disproportionately affect women. 7. They tend to disproportionately affect people of color in the United States.

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A) Data show that tobacco use is a significant risk factor for bone loss.
B) Osteoporosis is often called a "silent disease" because neither pain nor specific symptoms are associated with this condition.
C) The spine, hips, and wrists are especially vulnerable to osteoporosis's effects.
D) Amenorrhea (lack of menstrual periods) or diseases that may lead to amenorrhea, such as anorexia nervosa, may have a protective effect against osteoporosis.

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