Exam 2: Learning and Adaptation

A) Having been recently stung by a bee, Sara is now highly anxious whenever she is outside and hears a buzzing sound.
B) After being on campus for two weeks, Mario sleeps through the night instead of being awakened by the daily 2 a.m. train.
C) Due to hearing loss from a firecracker incident, Justin does not hear the humming of the transformer outside his room.
D) Having just returned home from a two-hour rock concert, Amber turns up the volume on her television so high that her next-door neighbors complain.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) behavior has been reinforced consistently.
B) sign stimuli are presented.
C) classically conditioned stimuli are presented.
D) habituation has taken place.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) forgetting.
B) the opposite of learning-it illustrates the unlearning process.
C) the same as habituation; both involve a subject learning to ignore a stimulus.
D) the acquisition of a competing or alternative expectation.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) Better enjoyment of perfume or cologne shortly after application
B) Increased sensitivity to tornado sirens after first-hand experience of a tornado
C) Reduced tendency to startle when the end-of-class bell rings at the end of the semester as opposed to at the beginning of the semester
D) Increased tendency to become anxious around dogs after getting bitten by one

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) A trainer pairs a clicker sound with a food treat.
B) A student receives 10 dollars for every A on her report card, 5 dollars for every B, and 2 dollars for every
C) A puppy no longer cries during the night after being in its new home for two weeks.
D) A judge reduces a fine by 25 dollars for every hour of community service performed.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

Correct Answer

verified

When my roommate is in the kitchen, I gi...

View Answer

Show Answer

Correct Answer

verified

My roommate slams the bathroom door when...

View Answer

Show Answer

A) presentation; an aversive
B) presentation; a pleasant
C) removal; an aversive
D) removal; a pleasant

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) similar to the one produced by the outcome.
B) the opposite of the one produced by the outcome.
C) similar to the natural response to the signal for the outcome.
D) the opposite of the natural response to the signal for the outcome.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) important differences between animal and human learning.
B) the impact of heredity and environment on behavior.
C) that most learning involves instrumental rather than classical associations.
D) that most learning involves classical rather than instrumental associations.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) Classical conditioning works best when the critical events are close together in time, whereas instrumental conditioning works best when the critical events are further apart in time.
B) Classical conditioning works best when the critical events are further apart in time, whereas instrumental conditioning works best when the critical events are closer together in time.
C) Both classical and instrumental conditioning work best when critical events are close together in time.
D) Both classical and instrumental conditioning work best when critical events occur simultaneously.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) habituation is relatively permanent and he will need no further help.
B) habituation is stimulus specific, so that as long as he continues speaking to similar audiences he will need no further help.
C) habituation fades with time; the anxiety can spontaneously recover and he may need more treatments.
D) he can reduce his anxiety further by preparing more talks that reinforce his calmness.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) classical; increase the intensity of the outcome
B) classical; modify how the S is presented over trials
C) instrumental; change the amount, frequency, or time of delivery of the outcome
D) instrumental; change the amount, frequency, or kind of response produced

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) are useful but limited due to their artificial nature.
B) can demonstrate that behaviors can be passed across generations.
C) show us that no behavior is truly innate.
D) are like deprivation experiments, since they also show that behavior must be learned.

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer

A) omission
B) escape
C) punishment
D) avoidance

Correct Answer

verified

Show Answer