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Which best describes Cleanthes?


A) Anthropomorphite
B) Theist
C) Philosopher
D) All of the above

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For Cleanthes, God has . . .


A) No knowable attributes
B) Never existed
C) The same types of attributes as humans
D) None of the above

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Which of the following best characterizes Aquinas's response to the objection that God can't exist because there is evil in the world?


A) Since God is supremely good, He would only allow evil to exist if He could bring good out of it
B) In order for good to exist, evil must exist
C) God is infinitely good
D) None of the above

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Which of the following is false?


A) A theist in the broad sense can't be an atheist in the narrow sense.
B) A theist in the narrow sense can't be an atheist in the narrow sense
C) An atheist in the broad sense cannot be a theist in the narrow sense
D) A theist in the broad sense can't be an atheist in the broad sense

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The indirect attack against the atheistic argument based on evil utilizes what argumentative strategy?


A) The G.E. Moore shift
B) The Lewis Carroll shift
C) Modus ponens
D) Modus tollens

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Paley takes substances to always have purposes or ends.

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According to Aquinas, something can't be its own efficient cause.

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Plato's Euthyphro . . .


A) Made Antony worry about how there could be morality without God
B) Reassured Antony that moral value didn't depend on God's existence
C) Was Antony's first brush with atheism
D) Led Antony to adopt Divine Command Theory

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Why, for Stump, is discerning true goodness sometimes met with tears?


A) Because sometimes people become so hardened by evil that goodness can surprise us
B) Because of its beauty
C) Because the same parts of the brain that trigger sadness can trigger happiness
D) Because it means coming into contact with God

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According to Rowe, if an intense suffering leads to some greater good . . .


A) That intense suffering cannot be an evil
B) That intense suffering cannot be evil and is justified
C) That intense suffering is still an evil but it is justified
D) That intense suffering is an evil and still isn't justified

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Antony characterizes herself as a . . .


A) Catholic
B) Humanist
C) Agnostic
D) Pragmatist

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What does it mean for an option to be living?


A) Both hypotheses are momentous.
B) The truth of the hypotheses is of great significance.
C) Both hypotheses make some appeal to your belief.
D) The truth of the hypotheses require belief in them.

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Which of the following best characterizes a "transcendent good"?


A) A good incommensurate with any worldly good
B) Only God is a transcendent good
C) Worldly goods, such as art and culture
D) Religious goods

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Why is the refusal to give reasons disrespectful, according to Antony?


A) Because it is frustrating for children to go without having their questions answered
B) Because God gave us rationality, and respecting others means taking rationality seriously
C) Because we are rational creatures, and we owe it to each other to reveal the basis for our beliefs
D) All of the above

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If the watch produces replicas of itself, how is it different from a carpenter, according to Paley?


A) Carpenters are people
B) Carpenters cause the relation between the parts of what they create and its use
C) Carpenters have to study a craft
D) Carpenters aren't found in fields

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Anselm holds that God is that than which nothing greater can be conceived.

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What is the traditional way of understanding the problem of evil philosophers have responded to, according to Pike?


A) There is too much evil in the world for God to be perfectly good
B) There seems to be no reason why God would permit evil
C) Omniscience, omnipotence, and perfect goodness are incompatible
D) There seems be no way for God to reassure us in the face of evil

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According to Anselm, one cannot _______ God unless one _______ God.


A) believe in; understands
B) understand; trusts
C) understand; believes in
D) trust in; understands

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For Marilyn Adams, within Christian theism there aren't resources available adequate to "engulf" or even "defeat" the worst of horrendous evils.

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What point does Stump want to make when she provides the following quote from Ecclesiastes? "I observed all the happenings beneath the sun, and I found that all is futile and pursuit of wind; a twisted thing that cannot be made straight, a lack that cannot be made good"


A) It is impossible to remove the human defects that lead to evil
B) It is impossible to comprehend why God permits evil
C) There is no point to attempting to help others; evil is simply overwhelming
D) It is necessary to combat evil no matter what

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