Question 1

An infant is presented with two stimuli,one of which it has seen before and one of which it has not.He or she will:

Accepted Answer

A)   look at the familiar stimulus longer than the unfamiliar
B)   look at the unfamiliar stimulus longer
C)   shift its gaze between the two, allocating roughly equal amounts of attention to both
D)   look at the one with subtle compared to bold patterns

Question 2

Your aunt who drinks just got pregnant.What of the following actions would you recommend to her?

Accepted Answer

A)   She should quit drinking immediately.
B)   She should stop drinking, but could begin to smoke.
C)   She can drink safely up until the end of the first trimester.
D)   It is already too late to avoid harm to her fetus, so it does not matter what she does.

Question 3

According to Bowlby's theory of attachment:

Accepted Answer

A)   infants have a set of innate behaviors that cause adults to attend to them
B)   infants must learn how to elicit attention from adults
C)   social attachment is largely an outcome of how adults respond to infants
D)   social attachment is largely an outcome of how infants respond to adults

Question 4

When can your sister expect her newborn child to begin to notice and respond to peers?

Accepted Answer

A)   immediately after birth
B)   at 1 month
C)   at 6 months
D)   at 1 year

Question 5

One aspect of memory that distinguishes children younger than 3 from children over 5 is that:

Accepted Answer

A)   older children do not confabulate
B)   younger children have greater source amnesia
C)   older children are more likely to experience what Freud called infantile amnesia
D)   older children have greater source amnesia

Question 6

Creole languages illustrate:

Accepted Answer

A)   purity of a single language
B)   that signed languages are learned in stages similar to spoken languages
C)   the regularity of language
D)   unique phonemes

Question 7

Which of the following conditions is a preventable birth defect?

Accepted Answer

A)   Down syndrome
B)   fetal alcohol syndrome
C)   hemophilia, a genetic bleeding disorder
D)   mental retardation

Question 8

Object permanence is a child's awareness that:

Accepted Answer

A)   the mass of an object does not change when its shape changes
B)   objects exist even when you cannot see them
C)   broken objects can be repaired
D)   objects that cannot be seen may be similar to those that can

Question 9

Which of the following statements is NOT true of teratogens?

Accepted Answer

A)   Teratogens include any chemical in the environment that negatively affects a developing embryo or fetus.
B)   Teratogens are a group of recessive genes that affect the child while still in the womb.
C)   Teratogens include alcohol, prescription drugs, and environmental chemicals.
D)   Teratogens are often avoidable.

Question 10

What is the correct ordering of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)   formal operational, concrete operational, preoperational, sensorimotor
B)   concrete operational, preoperational, sensorimotor, formal operational
C)   preoperational, concrete operational, sensorimotor, formal operational
D)   sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Question 11

Attachment is all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   adaptive
B)   a building block of social life
C)   transient
D)   present in nonhuman animals

Question 12

The words I and a are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)   syntax
B)   morphemes
C)   phonemes
D)   morphemes and phonemes

Question 13

Synaptic pruning is:

Accepted Answer

A)   the brain's way of doing away with synaptic connections that are not being used
B)   a process induced by teratogens that negatively affects development
C)   a process that occurs in all brain areas at the same time
D)   a process that is detrimental to normal brain development

Question 14

Which of the following models suggests that moral emotions are based in physiological mechanisms that help people make decisions?

Accepted Answer

A)   Kohlberg's moral reasoning theory
B)   Damasio's somatic marker hypothesis
C)   Bowlby's attachment models
D)   Piaget's developmental theory

Question 15

Research on brain differences at birth in males and females demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

A)   these differences explain many of the subsequent differences between men and women
B)   no reliable differences have yet been identified
C)   we do not yet have enough data to understand what the source of the observed differences between male and female brains might be
D)   sex differences do not develop until puberty

Question 16

Your best friend recently had a baby.She is excited because the baby smiled at birth,and she believes that the smiling indicated attachment.You know that:

Accepted Answer

A)   your friend is absolutely right; newborns smile at their mothers from birth to indicate attachment
B)   the smiling is likely the result of pleasurable feelings felt by the newborn, not social smiling
C)   babies smile when they think about their mothers, even before birth
D)   newborns rarely smile at their mothers, but are more likely to indicate attachment by crying and reaching

Question 17

Comparisons between how children acquire spoken language versus signed language indicate that:

Accepted Answer

A)   signed language follows entirely different grammatical rules than spoken language does
B)   signed language is acquired much more slowly than spoken language
C)   both types of language develop at about the same pace
D)   signed language is acquired more efficiently if the child's parents speak, whereas the acquisition of spoken language is not affected by whether the parents speak or sign

Question 18

In Piaget's view of cognitive development,assimilation has occurred when _____,and accommodation when _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   something new that has happened to the child is incorporated into existing schemas; new experiences are reinterpreted
B)   new experiences are incorporated into existing schemas; existing schemas are dramatically altered to include the new experiences
C)   existing schemas are modified; existing schemas are discarded
D)   existing schemas are discarded; existing schemas are modified

Question 19

What is the name of the developmental stage that occurs from conception to approximately 2 weeks after conception?

Accepted Answer

A)   zygote
B)   embryo
C)   fetus
D)   infant

Question 20

It is a common observation that when a family moves to a new culture,the children master the new language more quickly and thoroughly than the parents do.A psychological argument consistent with this observation is:

Accepted Answer

A)   the notion of a "sensitive period" for the acquisition of language across the life span
B)   that humans can also imprint during a sensitive period
C)   that across languages, mastery of one grammar makes it difficult to learn another grammar
D)   that children learn language from peers, not from parents

Exam 9: Human Development

Which of the following statements is NOT true of teratogens?

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Which of the following conditions is a preventable birth defect?

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According to Bowlby's theory of attachment:

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Object permanence is a child's awareness that:

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What is the name of the developmental stage that occurs from conception to approximately 2 weeks after conception?

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In Piaget's view of cognitive development,assimilation has occurred when _____,and accommodation when _____.

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Attachment is all of the following EXCEPT:

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Comparisons between how children acquire spoken language versus signed language indicate that:

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One aspect of memory that distinguishes children younger than 3 from children over 5 is that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your best friend recently had a baby.She is excited because the baby smiled at birth,and she believes that the smiling indicated attachment.You know that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the correct ordering of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Synaptic pruning is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Creole languages illustrate:

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Research on brain differences at birth in males and females demonstrates that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The words I and a are examples of:

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Your aunt who drinks just got pregnant.What of the following actions would you recommend to her?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When can your sister expect her newborn child to begin to notice and respond to peers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is a common observation that when a family moves to a new culture,the children master the new language more quickly and thoroughly than the parents do.A psychological argument consistent with this observation is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An infant is presented with two stimuli,one of which it has seen before and one of which it has not.He or she will:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following models suggests that moral emotions are based in physiological mechanisms that help people make decisions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In Piaget's view of cognitive development,assimilation has occurred when _,and accommodation when _.

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