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One important goal of a buffer is to


A) delay stating the bad news.
B) make your reader wonder what the message is about.
C) establish common ground with your reader.
D) divert the reader's attention to a more pleasant subject.

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An effective indirect opening for a negative message would be:


A) Your résumé clearly shows why you are interested in becoming a management trainee with our company.
B) In reply to your application for the management position I am sorry to say that we cannot use you.
C) I'm sorry to say I have some bad news.
D) We have no openings at this time.

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In the close of a negative message, you should


A) express concern over possibly losing the reader's business.
B) avoid uncertainty.
C) ask for feedback on whether the decision is acceptable to the reader.
D) encourage the person to write or call to discuss the situation further.

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Even when you are positive the person making a claim or request for adjustment is not telling the truth, it is vital to avoid saying or writing anything the recipient might interpret as ________. If you do not, you increase the likelihood that you and/or your company will be sued.

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In a negative message using the indirect approach, an effective explanation section leads readers to your conclusion before you come right out and say it.

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Since termination letters are highly controversial, you should never deliver them in person.

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If a customer makes an unreasonable claim against your company, there is no need for you to explain why you are rejecting it.

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Which of the following statements does the best job of delivering bad news clearly and kindly?


A) Although you currently do not have the master's degree that we require for this position, we would be happy to reconsider your application once you have completed your degree.
B) Because you do not have the experience we clearly listed in the job posting, we cannot offer you the position.
C) I am sorry to have to tell you that you were not selected for the position.
D) Several other applicants were far more qualified for the position than you were, so we cannot offer you the job.

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Provide at least five guidelines to observe when making negative organizational announcements.

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(1) Match your approach to the situation...

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It is a good idea to use "company policy" as a cushion when presenting reasons for bad news.

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Briefly describe the elements of a negative message that uses the direct approach.

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The opening should start with a clear st...

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One way to be tactful when giving your reasons for bad news is to


A) explain why the decision is good for you and your company.
B) apologize for having to be the bearer of bad news.
C) explain that the decision is based on company policy.
D) highlight, if possible, how your negative decision benefits the recipient.

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A poorly written buffer


A) shows appreciation or empathy to the audience.
B) may mislead the reader into thinking good news follows.
C) is specifically related to the topic of the message.
D) opens your message in a neutral manner.

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Refusing a request to write a recommendation letter generally calls for using the indirect approach and a great deal of diplomacy.

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The ________ section of a negative message using the indirect approach should lead readers to your conclusion before you come right out and say it.

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What four guidelines should you follow in writing effective closings to negative messages?

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(1) Avoid a negative or uncertain conclu...

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To reject someone as clearly and kindly as possible, do all of the following except


A) use phrases such as, "Much as I would like to help you."
B) de-emphasize the bad news.
C) tell the audience what you can or will do rather than what you cannot or will not do.
D) use a conditional statement.

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When composing a negative message, you should try to


A) leave the reader with hope that you will change your decision.
B) choose a buffer that will distract your reader from the main point of your message.
C) gain the audience's acceptance of the bad news.
D) avoid stating the bad news.

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What is a "buffer," and what function does it serve in negative messages?

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A buffer is a neutral, noncontroversial ...

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Employees are more likely to accept negative news if it is delivered in ________, rather than in writing.

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