A) does not take intentions into account in determining punishment.
B) cannot tell us how to punish crimes that have not harmed anyone.
C) sometimes prescribes punishments that seem deeply immoral.
D) All of the above
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A) People are not autonomous.
B) People often behave immorally.
C) Some people lack the good will.
D) All of the above
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A) only if we have some desire to prompt us to action.
B) only if we have some emotion to prompt us to action.
C) from an understanding of our moral duty, without any desire or emotion.
D) without any beliefs or desires whatsoever.
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A) is intrinsically wrong.
B) can never be justified.
C) can be justified under certain circumstances.
D) Both a and b
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C
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A) happiness.
B) wisdom.
C) wealth.
D) the good will.
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A) Always treat a human being as an end, never as a mere means.
B) Always act so as to maximize the well-being of humanity.
C) Always act on maxims that all of humanity accepts.
D) None of the above
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A) One does the right thing for the wrong reasons.
B) One does the right thing for the right reasons.
C) The morality of an action depends on factors within one's control.
D) The morality of an action depends on factors outside of one's control.
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Kant's principle of humanity, also known...View Answer
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A) are the moral equals of humans.
B) have some moral rights, but not to the same degree as humans.
C) have no moral rights.
D) are moral agents.
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A) They have no moral rights.
B) They lack rationality and autonomy.
C) Abusing them can have bad consequences.
D) It is permissible to treat them in any way we like.
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A) An understanding of what is morally required
B) A desire to benefit others
C) The emotion of empathy
D) A desire for reward
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A) When the punishment has bad overall effects
B) When the criminal is not autonomous
C) When the punishment is severe
D) All of the above
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Kant's principle of humanity, also known...View Answer
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A) When they are motivated by benevolence
B) When they are done in accordance with duty
C) When they are performed from the good will
D) When the consequences are optimific
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Moral luck is the concept that an individual's moral character and actions are influenced by factors beyond their control, such as luck or external circumstances. This means that someone can be judged morally based on outcomes that were not entirely within their power to determine.
The existence of moral luck poses a problem for Kant's theory because Kant's moral philosophy is based on the idea that moral worth is determined by the intention behind an action, rather than the consequences. According to Kant, an action is only morally good if it is done out of a sense of duty and in accordance with the moral law, regardless of the outcome. However, the concept of moral luck suggests that individuals can be held morally responsible for outcomes that were beyond their control, which goes against Kant's emphasis on the importance of intention over consequences.
Whether or not moral luck exists is a matter of philosophical debate. Some argue that external factors can indeed influence the moral worth of an action, while others maintain that moral responsibility should be based solely on the individual's intentions and choices.
In my opinion, moral luck does exist to some extent. External circumstances can certainly impact the outcomes of our actions, and it seems unfair to hold individuals entirely responsible for factors beyond their control. However, I also believe that individuals still have a degree of agency and responsibility for their choices, and that intention should play a significant role in determining moral worth. Ultimately, the existence of moral luck highlights the complexity of moral judgment and the need for a nuanced approach to ethical decision-making.
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A) The golden rule
B) Lex talionis
C) The principle of utility
D) The principle of non-contradiction
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B
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Kant's principle of humanity and his pri...View Answer
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A) the morality of one's action depends on factors outside of one's control.
B) someone does the right thing but with the wrong intentions.
C) the morality of one's action depends on one's intentions.
D) the morality of one's action depends on factors within one's control.
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A) you do what duty requires.
B) you do it because you understand that it is the right thing to do.
C) it maximizes happiness.
D) it is performed out of a desire to benefit others.
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