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Benefits and costs of financial innovation are


A) dependent.
B) interdependent.
C) co-dependent.
D) independent.

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The term deregulation refers to which of the following?


A) redefining the regulations
B) adding updated regulations
C) dismantling regulations
D) deleting outdated regulations and redefining appropriate regulations

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Which of the following is considered a characteristic of a nondeposit liability?


A) freedom from reserve requirements
B) subject to Regulation Q ceilings
C) regulated interest rates
D) subject to slightly lower reserve requirements than deposit liabilities

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Which of the following is not a nondeposit liability?


A) fed funds
B) repurchase agreements
C) large negotiable CDs
D) eurodollar borrowings

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_______________________is a contract that transfer the default risk of a loan from the holder of the loan to a guarantor who receives a fee for accepting the risk.


A) A put option
B) A call option
C) A futures agreement
D) A credit derivative

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Which of the following is false?


A) Swaps allow two parties to hedge interest rate risk for a long period of time, often up to say 15 years.
B) Interest rate swaps allow two parties to trade interest rate streams so that inflows more closely match outflows.
C) A fall in interest rates will hurt an intermediary that is holding fixed rate assets and variable rate liabilities.
D) Swaps originated in 1982.

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Of the following, which is not considered an important factor in recent financial innovations?


A) volatile interest rates
B) inflation
C) decreased competition in financial markets
D) changes in regulation

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Derivatives


A) allow for the unbundling of risks.
B) can be sold separately to those most willing and able to bear the risk.
C) derive their value from the underlying asset.
D) All of the above are true of derivatives.

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A repurchase agreement is best described as


A) an agreement exchanged in the overnight borrowing and selling of reserves.
B) a kind of time deposit that pays a market rate of interest and can be resold in a secondary market.
C) an agreement to use dollar-denominated deposits from abroad to fund domestic loans.
D) a secured loan with a government security serving as collateral.

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An interest rate swap agreement is which of the following?


A) A standardized contract to buy and sell financial assets in the future at an interest rate set today
B) an agreement between two parties to trade principal payments at a later date regardless of the interest rate
C) an agreement between two parties to trade interest payment streams
D) None of the above is correct.

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Which of the following played a part in financial innovation during the past 30 years?


A) technological advances in telecommunications
B) increased geographic barriers to banking
C) reduced competition from other intermediaries and nonfinancial firms
D) All of the above played a part.

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Which of the following is true?


A) Securitization develops most easily in markets where financial assets are heterogeneous.
B) Securitization reduces interest rate risk for the issuer of asset-backed securities.
C) Securitization turns relatively liquid assets into illiquid assets.
D) Securitization increased rapidly in the 1980s but then decreased.

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Which of the following is false?


A) An electronic funds transfer system eliminates the need for a deposit account.
B) Electronic payments account for about 90 percent of the dollar value of all payments.
C) Examples of electronic funds transfer systems include ATM machines, point-of-sale terminals, cash cards, debt cards, and Internet banking.
D) Many employers currently pay employees by crediting their employees' checking accounts rather than issuing checks.

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To curb loans to stock speculators, limits were put on the proportion of stock purchases that could be financed by borrowing. These limits are called


A) Regulation Q.
B) margin requirements.
C) Regulation
D) the Gramm-Leach-Bliley limits.

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Of the following, which is not considered an important factor in recent financial innovations?


A) stable interest rates
B) volatile prices
C) increased competition in financial markets
D) technological advancement in payment technologies

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Interest rate swaps can guarantee that


A) inflows more closely match outflows.
B) participants never hold fixed-rate instruments.
C) participants never hold variable-rate instruments.
D) all intermediaries will hold both fixed-rate and variable-rate assets.

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Which of the following regulations was not instituted as part of banking reform in the 1930s?


A) Regulation Q
B) deposit insurance
C) reserve requirements
D) separation of commercial and investment banking

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