A) reliability
B) convergent validity
C) differential validity
D) discriminant validity
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A) It is very simple to carry out.
B) It can be used to assess the extent to which taking a pretest might affect the results of the posttest,
C) It can be used to assess the extent to which statistical regression might be affecting the results of a study.
D) All of the above statements are true
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A) treatment confound
B) measurement confound
C) natural confound
D) artifact
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A) condition masking.
B) data monitoring.
C) reactivity reduction.
D) expectancy disconfirmation.
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A) psychological reactance.
B) novelty effects.
C) evaluation apprehension.
D) psychological regression.
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A) One way to control demand characteristics is to induce participants to take on the good participant role.
B) The information that the researcher provides participants as part of the informed consent procedure can be a source of demand characteristics.
C) The use of deception is an acceptable way to control demand characteristics.
D) If an experimental manipulation contains demand characteristics, the validity of the research can be undermined.
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Statistical regression, also known as re...View Answer
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The three types of confounds described i...View Answer
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A) a situation in which the instruments used to measure the dependent variable stop functioning part way through the research.
B) research participants failing to show up for their scheduled data-collection session.
C) research participants dropping out at the informed consent stage.
D) research participants dropping out of a study while it is being conducted.
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Demand characteristics are cues or subtl...View Answer
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A) Determine whether the people who completed the study differ from those who did not on characteristics relevant to the study.
B) Follow up with the people who dropped out to encourage them to participate in a separate study.
C) Analyze only the data collected after the attrition occurred.
D) do any of the above
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A) alleviate the problems caused by novelty effects.
B) identify responses that might be characteristic of the good participant role.
C) prepare participants who are to be assigned to control groups for their part in the research.
D) reduce the likelihood that participants will experience either evaluation apprehension or psychological reactance.
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Observer drift refers to the gradual cha...View Answer
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Pretesting on the dependent variable can...View Answer
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A) short-term observational research in a classroom
B) self-report studies where the data are collected online
C) face-to-face interview studies assessing mental health
D) studies in which participants allow the researcher to view their online postings for one week
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Time threats and selection threats are b...View Answer
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A confound is a variable that is not of ...View Answer
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A) two variables are combined so that the effect of one cannot be separated from the effect of the other.
B) some aspect of the research situation other than the independent variable affects the dependent variable.
C) the measures used in a study exhibit high reliability but low validity.
D) some aspects of participants' personal histories influence how they respond on the dependent variable.
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The Solomon Four Group Experimental Desi...View Answer
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A) maturation.
B) statistical regression.
C) selection.
D) mortality.
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