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Third party contractors are extended carrier liability protections under the:


A) Hamburg Rules
B) Hague Rules
C) Hague-Visby Rules
D) Harter Act
E) None of the above

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The Warsaw Convention provides for a two-year statute of limitations for the filing of claims.

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A marine insurance policy that is 'free of particular average' will not cover partial losses.

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A 'non-vessel operating common carrier' (NVOCC) consolidates cargo from numerous shippers into larger groups for shipment by an ocean carrier.

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General average claims are available to both ship owners and cargo owners.

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Under the Hague Rules, a carrier is not liable for misdelivery if it delivers to the holder of a carta declaratoria.

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If loss or damage is due to one of the enumerated exceptions under COGSA, then the carrier's liability is limited to a maximum of $500 per package.

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False

The alternative legal conventions that govern international ocean carriage include all of the following except:


A) Hague Rules
B) Hamburg Rules
C) Warsaw Convention
D) Hague-Visby Rules

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All of the following types of losses are generally covered by marine insurance policies except:


A) Partial average loss
B) General average loss
C) Total loss
D) Weighted average loss

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A 'perils only' type of policy allows for the insured only to collect for losses due to expressly listed causes.

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The ordinary action of wind and waves is enough to justify a peril of sea exception under COGSA.

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False

Under COGSA, once a general average act has occurred, a cargo owner may only avoid liability by showing that:


A) The vessel was unseaworthy at the start of the voyage
B) Unseaworthiness was the cause of the general average event
C) An error in management cause the general average event
D) Both A & B
E) All of the above

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Ocean carriers are exempted from liability under COGSA for all of the following except:


A) Error in the navigation of the ship
B) Acts of God
C) Improperly maintained mechanical devices
D) Neglect in the management of the ship

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Transporting non-containerized motorcycles above deck on an ocean carrier generally would be considered:


A) A lack of due diligence
B) A material deviation
C) A peril of the sea
D) None of the above

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All of the following are factors that determine if a ship is considered seaworthy except:


A) It must be appropriate for the type of carriage
B) It must be properly equipped for the reception, carriage, and preservation of the goods
C) It must have a competent and properly trained crew
D) It must have proper stowage
E) It must not have latent defects not discoverable by due diligence

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The Hamburg Rules are more pro-shipper than are the Hague and Hague-Visby Rules.

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The 'through bill of lading' is the title document for multi-modal transports.

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What are the functions of a freight forwarder? Under what, if any, circumstances do freight forwarders assume liability?

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Answered by ExamLex AI

Answered by ExamLex AI

Freight forwarders play a crucial role in the transportation and logistics industry by coordinating the shipment of goods from one location to another. Their main functions include arranging the transportation of goods, preparing and processing documentation, negotiating freight rates, and providing guidance on the best shipping methods and routes. They also handle customs clearance, insurance, and warehousing services. Freight forwarders may assume liability under certain circumstances, such as when they act as a carrier or when they issue their own bills of lading. In these cases, they may be held responsible for any damage, loss, or delay in the shipment of goods. However, it's important to note that the extent of their liability can vary depending on the terms of the contract and the applicable laws and regulations. It's always advisable for businesses to carefully review and understand the terms and conditions of their agreement with a freight forwarder to ensure that they are aware of any potential liabilities.

Under the Hague-Visby Rules, the "per package limitation" of a carrier's liability is set at $1,000.

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Any third party to be covered under a Himalaya clause needs to be specifically named in order for the protection of a carriage convention to be extended.

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