Exam 8: Wakefulness and Sleep

A) The alternating patterns allow for normal rhythm development.
B) ​They are fully alert during wakeful periods.
C) ​They are able to sleep during rest periods.
D) They sleep poorly during rest periods.

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A) awakens a sleeping individual
B) ​decreases alertness in someone already awake
C) ​shifts the EEG from short waves to long, slow waves
D) delays the onset of the next REM period

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A) androgen
B) ​melanopsin
C) ​melatonin
D) estrogen

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Although cells throughout the body gener...

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A) Ask them about their dreams immediately after they wake up in the morning.
B) ​Wake them up during REM sleep and ask them if they have been dreaming.
C) ​Wake them up during NREM sleep and ask them if they have been dreaming.
D) Ask them under hypnosis if they have had any dreams recently.

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A) no longer produce any activity
B) ​continue to produce activity that follows a circadian rhythm
C) ​produce a 20-hour rhythm
D) produce spontaneous bursts of activity, but on no rhythmic pattern

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A) inhibit sexual arousal
B) ​interfere with new learning
C) ​strengthen the formation of new motor skills
D) strengthen memories for new facts

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During REM sleep,activity increased in t...

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A) building up during the day and declining during sleep
B) ​being transformed into melatonin
C) ​stimulating and inhibiting (respectively) the release of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex
D) providing negative feedback from the muscles to the neurons that innervate them

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A) to shake the eyeballs back and forth in order to get sufficient oxygen to the corneas of the eyes
B) ​to shake the eyeballs back and forth so the individual moves from REM to NREM
C) ​no different than the role of NREM
D) to bring to the surface the individual's unconscious wishes

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A) Blood pressure is too low.
B) ​The motor nerves are inactive until body temperature reaches its normal level.
C) ​An increase in light striking the eyes reflexively inhibits the motor neurons.
D) Part of the brain is still asleep.

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A) dreamlike experiences that the person has trouble distinguishing from reality
B) ​an attack of muscle weakness while awake
C) ​a lack of inhibition of movement during REM sleep
D) repeated involuntary movement of the legs or arms during sleep

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According to the activation-synthesis hy...

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A) occur during REM sleep
B) ​occur during NREM sleep
C) ​are far more common in adults than children
D) usually involve sleep talking

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A) increase dramatically over time
B) ​cease to exist
C) ​decrease over time
D) remain relatively stable

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A) only for their sleep/activity cycle
B) ​only for frequency of eating and drinking
C) ​for sleep and body temperature only
D) for a variety of activities, including sleep

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A) tension and activity of the postural muscles
B) ​low and steady heart and breathing rates
C) ​a high level of brain activity
D) a highly synchronized EEG pattern

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A) optic chiasm
B) ​thalamus
C) ​hypothalamus
D) visual cortex

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