Question 1

In the figure below, the flying bird moves permanently into the population shown on land. As a result, the allele frequency of A in the population changes from

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 0.75.
B)  0 to 0.25.
C)  0 to 0.75.
D)  1 to 0.25.

Question 2

A student with Strep throat (caused by a strain of bacterium) is given a prescription for an antibiotic and is told to take the drug for two weeks. After a week, the student feels better and stops taking the drug. Two months later, the student again shows symptoms of Strep throat and decides to finish the leftover antibiotic rather than going to the doctor again. Two months later, the student develops Strep throat for a third time and returns to the doctor. This time, the antibiotic does not work. The doctor runs a test and discovers that the bacterial strain the student is carrying is antibiotic resistant. What most likely happened?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the use of antibiotics lowers the effectiveness of the immune system, the student continually reinfected himself with the bacteria. The third time, the student happened to be reinfected with a resistant strain.
B)  When the student stopped taking the drug, a small number of bacteria-those that were more drug resistant-still survived in his body. Those bacteria repopulated his throat and over time, drug-resistant alleles became more common.
C)  The student must have eaten produce that had been genetically engineered with antibiotic-resistant genes. When he consumed them, the bacteria in the student's throat picked up these genes through horizontal gene transfer.
D)  The antibiotic caused mutations in the bacterium. The more exposure to the antibiotic, the more mutations. Even one random mutation can confer antibiotic resistance.

Question 3

Microevolution

Accepted Answer

A)  does not alter the genotype frequencies of a population.
B)  is caused by speciation.
C)  occurs only in microorganisms.
D)  is the smallest scale at which evolution occurs.

Question 4

Which of the following is not a step in the evolutionary process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mutation results in the formation of new alleles and sexual reproduction results in new combinations of alleles.
B)  New genes are introduced into a population when members of that population mate with members of other species.
C)  Genetic variation is inherited by the next generation of a population.
D)  Genetic drift, gene flow, and or natural selection cause allele frequencies to change over time.

Question 5

If a given population has 30 RR individuals, 10 Rr individuals, and 10 rr individuals, what is the genotype frequency of Rr?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.10
B)  0.20
C)  0.30
D)  0.50

Question 6

Is the effect of an individual permanently leaving a population likely to have a greater genetic effect if the home population was large or if the home population was small?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large, because this is an example of disruptive selection.
B)  Large, because natural selection will cause a bottleneck to occur in the remaining individuals.
C)  Small, because the loss of just a few individuals may greatly reduce the remaining genetic variation.
D)  Small, because the remaining individuals will no longer be able to practice nonrandom mating.

Question 7

What is the total number of alleles present for any given gene in a population of 100 individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  50
B)  100
C)  200
D)  400

Question 8

A fisherman catches one trout from each of two ponds. Pond A contains 100 trout and pond B contains 1,000 trout. Which population is more affected by the fisherman?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pond A; the fisherman has a greater likelihood of completely removing alleles from the gene pool by taking a fish from the smaller population.
B)  Pond A; fewer fish are able to move into a small pond and find mates.
C)  Pond B; the fisherman is more likely to catch a fish that is undergoing evolution in a bigger population.
D)  Pond B; the process of evolution occurs more slowly in large populations and removing a fish speeds up the process.

Question 9

Although they are protected in many countries, humans still hunt elephants for their ivory tusks. A mutation that results in tuskless elephants is increasing in frequency in some elephant populations as a result of the evolutionary mechanism of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although they are protected in many countries,...

Question 10

A used car is shipped from Australia to the United States. Stowed away in the trunk of the car is a piece of wood infected with Australian termites. Once in the United States, the buyer of the car finds the rotting wood and dumps it on the side of the road. The termites survive and establish a colony on the side of the road, but do not mate with local termite populations. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic drift.
B)  mutation.
C)  natural selection.
D)  gene flow.

Question 11

Disruptive selection operates whenever

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection is disrupted by genetic drift.
B)  there is a balanced gene pool.
C)  only the smallest individuals survive.
D)  both the recessive and the dominant homozygotes are more successful.

Question 12

Which of the following statements concerning evolution is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural selection requires variation in the population.
B)  An individual that is better adapted than others in a population will always be more reproductively successful.
C)  Genetic drift causes little evolutionary change in large populations.
D)  Evolution involves a change of frequency of alleles in the gene pool.

Question 13

If p is the frequency of the W allele in a population, why do we equate the WW individuals with the p² portion of the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Hardy-Weinberg equation describes the frequencies of dominant alleles only.
B)  The WW individuals have two copies of the allele represented by p.
C)  The ww individuals are all killed by lethal recessive genes.
D)  The frequency of p is always equal to the frequency of q.

Question 14

Larger male elephant seals have more mates than smaller male elephant seals because they are better at defending their territory (and mates). This is an example of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Larger male elephant seals have more mates...

Question 15

The bell-shaped curve at the top of the figure below shows the distribution of a phenotype in a population at the start of an experiment. The three graphs (lettered A-C) beneath predict what the distribution will look like if a certain type of selection occurs. Which graph represents what the phenotypic distribution will look like if the population undergoes stabilizing selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Graph A
B)  Graph B
C)  Graph C
D)  These graphs all show natural selection, but none show stabilizing selection.

Question 16

If the genotype values predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equation are greatly different from the values found in the real population, we can say that the population is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the genotype values predicted by the...

Question 17

A scientist is studying beak length in a species of hummingbird. The scientist establishes a population of birds with beaks ranging from very small to very long and allows the population to breed for 10 years. At the end of the experiment, she finds that the majority of birds in the population have very long beaks. This is an example of _____ selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  disruptive
B)  stabilizing
C)  directional
D)  sexual

Question 18

In ____________________ selection, individuals with one extreme of an inherited phenotypic trait have an advantage over other individuals in the population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In ____________________ selection, individuals with one extreme...

Question 19

One factor that complicates the treatment of AIDS is the

Accepted Answer

A)  low mutation rate of HIV.
B)  high mutation rate of HIV.
C)  random mating between viral particles.
D)  nonrandom mating between viral particles.

Question 20

A few members of a species establish themselves on a small island far from other populations of that species. They may experience a genetic bottleneck due to the ____________________ effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A few members of a species establish...

Exam 18: Evolution of Populations

Correct Answer
verified

Although they are protected in many countries, humans still hunt elephants for their ivory tusks. A mutation that results in tuskless elephants is increasing in frequency in some elephant populations as a result of the evolutionary mechanism of ____________________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

What is the total number of alleles present for any given gene in a population of 100 individuals?

Correct Answer
verified

If p is the frequency of the W allele in a population, why do we equate the WW individuals with the p² portion of the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Correct Answer
verified

A few members of a species establish themselves on a small island far from other populations of that species. They may experience a genetic bottleneck due to the ____________________ effect.

Correct Answer
verified

A fisherman catches one trout from each of two ponds. Pond A contains 100 trout and pond B contains 1,000 trout. Which population is more affected by the fisherman?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

One factor that complicates the treatment of AIDS is the

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not a step in the evolutionary process?

Correct Answer
verified

If the genotype values predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equation are greatly different from the values found in the real population, we can say that the population is ____________________.

Correct Answer
verified

In the figure below, the flying bird moves permanently into the population shown on land. As a result, the allele frequency of A in the population changes from

Correct Answer
verified

Disruptive selection operates whenever

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements concerning evolution is false?

Correct Answer
verified

Microevolution

Correct Answer
verified

If a given population has 30 RR individuals, 10 Rr individuals, and 10 rr individuals, what is the genotype frequency of Rr?

Correct Answer
verified

In ____________________ selection, individuals with one extreme of an inherited phenotypic trait have an advantage over other individuals in the population.

Correct Answer
verified

Larger male elephant seals have more mates than smaller male elephant seals because they are better at defending their territory (and mates). This is an example of ____________________.

Correct Answer
verified

Is the effect of an individual permanently leaving a population likely to have a greater genetic effect if the home population was large or if the home population was small?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 18: Evolution of Populations

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although they are protected in many countries, humans still hunt elephants for their ivory tusks. A mutation that results in tuskless elephants is increasing in frequency in some elephant populations as a result of the evolutionary mechanism of ____________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the total number of alleles present for any given gene in a population of 100 individuals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If p is the frequency of the W allele in a population, why do we equate the WW individuals with the p² portion of the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A few members of a species establish themselves on a small island far from other populations of that species. They may experience a genetic bottleneck due to the ____________________ effect.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fisherman catches one trout from each of two ponds. Pond A contains 100 trout and pond B contains 1,000 trout. Which population is more affected by the fisherman?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One factor that complicates the treatment of AIDS is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a step in the evolutionary process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the genotype values predicted by the Hardy-Weinberg equation are greatly different from the values found in the real population, we can say that the population is ____________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the figure below, the flying bird moves permanently into the population shown on land. As a result, the allele frequency of A in the population changes from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Disruptive selection operates whenever

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements concerning evolution is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microevolution

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a given population has 30 RR individuals, 10 Rr individuals, and 10 rr individuals, what is the genotype frequency of Rr?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In ____________________ selection, individuals with one extreme of an inherited phenotypic trait have an advantage over other individuals in the population.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Larger male elephant seals have more mates than smaller male elephant seals because they are better at defending their territory (and mates). This is an example of ____________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Is the effect of an individual permanently leaving a population likely to have a greater genetic effect if the home population was large or if the home population was small?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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