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Exam 8: Learning

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Question 81

Multiple Choice

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Five years ago, Lee drank some milkshake and then went on a roller-coaster ride in an amusement park. After a while, he got sick and started vomiting. Even now, Lee refuses to drink milkshakes because every time he drinks one, he feels nauseous. In this learned association, the milkshake serves as a(n) ________ for Lee.

A) conditioned response
B) unconditioned response
C) unconditioned stimulus
D) conditioned stimulus

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Question 82

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following situations is most likely to occur according to the law of effect?

A) A person who injures his knee while exercising a few times is more likely to exercise more often.
B) A person who receives a reply that is more interesting than an ongoing lecture is more likely to keep on texting.
C) A person who does not receive a desired message is more likely to check e-mails more often.
D) A person who feels less energetic after drinking coffee one morning is more likely to have coffee every morning.

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Question 83

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Pavlov defined ________ as fixed stimulus-response patterns.

When he was a kid, Leo was attacked by his neighbor's pet cat. Now he does not go near any household pets. In the context of classical conditioning, this is an example of ________.

When the neutral stimulus follows the unconditioned stimulus, the process is called ________ conditioning.

________ is the presentation or addition of a stimulus after a behavior occurs that increases how often that behavior will occur.

Secondary reinforcers are also called ________ reinforcers.

Newborn Kayla smiles when she sees her father smile. This is most likely a result of which of the following physiological processes?

Hank was bitten by his friend's Rottweiler once. Since then, he prefers not to go near any dog. This scenario exemplifies ________.

When Anna was a child, a dog named Max used to bark at her whenever she walked past him, and even bit her once. As an adult, whenever she meets a pet named Max, her palms start to sweat and her heart races. Anna's behavior an example of ________.

In order to discourage smoking, some public health campaigns show pictures of diseased lungs or smokers who look older than they are. This is an example of ________.

Substance use and abuse can be learned through ________.

Which of the following statements is true about imitation?

Which of the following statements is true regarding habituation?

Mary, a seven-year-old, watches her mother cooking in the kitchen and copies her actions. Later that day, she spends time pretending to cook in the kitchen. Mary's behavior is an example of ________.

Which of the following statements is true regarding synaptic connections?

Which of the following is most likely to be useful to help people kick the smoking habit?

A gaggle of baby geese instinctually form a bond with their mother. This is an example of ________.

Six-year-old Tom learns how to switch on the computer by watching his father. This is an example of ________.

Tina's car was sideswiped as she was making a blind turn while leaving a parking lot. After this accident, Tina had a panic attack whenever she was near that lot, so she could not park there. Several months later, the attacks stopped, and she started parking there again. Then, one day as she was approaching the parking lot, Tina had an unexpected panic attack. This scenario exemplifies ________.