Question 1

According to Neustadt, what is the basic dilemma facing all modern presidents?

Accepted Answer

A)   The president may be willing to compromise, but that means nothing if he or she lacks conviction.
B)   The public expects presidents to accomplish far more than their formal powers allow them to accomplish.
C)   Power rests in taking unilateral action, not in bargaining and negotiating.
D)   The president is at the center of government action and therefore can succeed on his or her own, without relying much on others.

Question 2

What distinguishes executive agreements from other forms of unilateral directives at the president's disposal?

Accepted Answer

A)   They provide presidents with an alternative to the treaty-making process and a way to bypass legislative oversight.
B)   They are counterparts to legislation and provide presidents with an alternative to the constitutional amendment process.
C)   They are classified on issuance and thus avoid the scrutiny of Congress and interest groups.
D)   They almost always target individuals and groups outside the government, rather than being directed to officials within the government.

Question 3

What has been a consequence of the decision by presidents, such as Bill Clinton, George H. W. Bush, and Barack Obama to use military force?

Accepted Answer

A)   Their actions empowered their opponents who were expecting end runs around Congress and reduced the effectiveness of all three presidents to achieve the policy objectives of their actions.
B)   Their actions significantly damaged the legitimacy of the institution of the presidency by negotiating with Congress and accepting limitations on the use of unilateral power in the conduct of war.
C)   Their actions remade the policy universe by pushing their initiatives to the top of the congressional agenda, thus ensuring they would get a fuller hearing and putting their political opponents on the defensive.
D)   Their actions had little effect on the overall state of the political agenda, as Congress had been discussing the possibility of engaging in actions identical to those undertaken by the presidents.

Question 4

When did national security directives emerge?

Accepted Answer

A)   in the aftermath of the Cold War
B)   after World War I
C)   following World War II
D)   in the late 1980s

Question 5

National security directives continue to create problems for congressional oversight because they are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   ceremonial
B)   classified
C)   regulatory
D)   privileged

Question 6

What did George W. Bush create through unitary action to try suspected "enemy combatants"?

Accepted Answer

A)   executive bureaus
B)   federal agencies
C)   civil courts
D)   military tribunals

Question 7

What was a consequence of George W. Bush's orders to include farm-raised salmon in federal counts under the Endangered Species Act?

Accepted Answer

A)   The rule proposal had to be approved by Congress and it was denied.
B)   It prompted Congress to cut funding for salmon restoration efforts.
C)   The order was self-executing and the appropriations process no longer applied.
D)   The action was rejected by the Secretary of the Interior who refused to fund it.

Question 8

What was created by Kennedy's 1961 Executive Order 10924?

Accepted Answer

A)   White House Office
B)   Peace Corps
C)   Executive Office of the President
D)   Congressional Budget Office

Question 9

If you were president, how would the exercise of your unilateral powers relate to your ability to demonstrate power? Under what conditions might you choose to exercise your unilateral powers to achieve your policy goals? Provide specific examples.

Accepted Answer

A) Discuss how presidents have been usin...

Question 10

If you subscribe to Nuestadt's view of the presidency, what are you likely to believe?

Accepted Answer

A)   Presidents are more likely to succeed during periods of divided government.
B)   The formal powers of a president provide the best pathway to success.
C)   The only way for a president to succeed is by mastering the power of persuasion.
D)   The growth of formal executive powers makes failing to succeed impossible.

Question 11

What has been the result of Congress's establishment of various oversight procedures, complex rule making processes, and liaison offices throughout the federal bureaucracy?

Accepted Answer

A)   It has leveled the playing field between the executive and legislative branches.
B)   It has established legislative dominance of the executive branch.
C)   It has failed to equalize the power gap between the executive and legislative branches.
D)   It has disadvantaged the president in his or her conduct of foreign policy.

Question 12

What did George W. Bush's Faith-Based Initiative do?

Accepted Answer

A)   It forbade faith-based organizations from receiving federal grants and delivering social services.
B)   It allowed faith-based organizations to provide social services, but only if they did not hire or fire people on the basis of their religious beliefs.
C)   It allowed religious organizations to apply for federal grants to renovate their places of worship.
D)   It forbade religious organizations from using federal funds for any programs that would be international as well as domestic.

Question 13

According to Richard Neustadt, __________ is the word that should be used when starting to think about the presidency.

Accepted Answer

A)   passive
B)   expansive
C)   weak
D)   strong

Question 14

To demonstrate power, a president's actions must __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   weaken the institutional powers of Congress
B)   leave a distinct imprint on the law and the doings of government
C)   change his or her favorability rating in a positive way
D)   increase the transparency of national security directives

Question 15

In what way do the actions of modern presidents challenge the central thesis of Richard Neustadt's argument?

Accepted Answer

A)   by demonstrating that unilateral executive actions have little to do with persuasion
B)   by illustrating how bipartisan negotiations can lead to legislative success
C)   by showing that modern presidents use far less power than expected
D)   by highlighting the disconnect between presidential persuasion and a president's personality

Question 16

How are memoranda different from executive orders?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are not published in the Federal Register.
B)   They are classified documents.
C)   They affect only domestic policy.
D)   They offer instructions to federal agencies.

Question 17

If you wanted to effectively measure the imprint of presidential action, you would compare __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the state of the world that the president would prefer and the one that existed after the president acted
B)   the state of the world that existed before the president acted and the one that the president would prefer
C)   the state of the world that existed before the president acted and the one that existed afterward
D)   the state of the world that exists after the president acted and the one that would have existed had the president not acted at all

Question 18

The Case Act established a mechanism for recording executive __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   privileges
B)   agreements
C)   memoranda
D)   orders

Question 19

Executive orders are different from executive agreements because executive orders __________ while executive agreements __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   instruct Congress to enact specific legislative acts; deal with issues of international trade and are classified
B)   deal exclusively with matters of national security; deal with issues of international trade and require congressional approval
C)   instruct federal officials and agencies to take specific actions; are formal agreements with other nations that sidestep the Senate
D)   are largely ceremonial in nature; once ratified by the Senate have the force of law

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of the exercise of unilateral power by a president?

Accepted Answer

A)   annual State of the Union Address
B)   desegregation of the military
C)   passage of the Civil Rights Act
D)   veto of the War Powers Resolution

Exam 8: Unilateral Powers

What was created by Kennedy's 1961 Executive Order 10924?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you were president, how would the exercise of your unilateral powers relate to your ability to demonstrate power? Under what conditions might you choose to exercise your unilateral powers to achieve your policy goals? Provide specific examples.

Correct AnswerverifiedA) Discuss how presidents have been usin...View AnswerShow Answer

According to Richard Neustadt, __________ is the word that should be used when starting to think about the presidency.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What has been the result of Congress's establishment of various oversight procedures, complex rule making processes, and liaison offices throughout the federal bureaucracy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What did George W. Bush create through unitary action to try suspected "enemy combatants"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of the exercise of unilateral power by a president?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Neustadt, what is the basic dilemma facing all modern presidents?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What did George W. Bush's Faith-Based Initiative do?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To demonstrate power, a president's actions must __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Executive orders are different from executive agreements because executive orders __________ while executive agreements __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you wanted to effectively measure the imprint of presidential action, you would compare __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Case Act established a mechanism for recording executive __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When did national security directives emerge?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What has been a consequence of the decision by presidents, such as Bill Clinton, George H. W. Bush, and Barack Obama to use military force?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you subscribe to Nuestadt's view of the presidency, what are you likely to believe?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what way do the actions of modern presidents challenge the central thesis of Richard Neustadt's argument?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

National security directives continue to create problems for congressional oversight because they are __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What was a consequence of George W. Bush's orders to include farm-raised salmon in federal counts under the Endangered Species Act?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What distinguishes executive agreements from other forms of unilateral directives at the president's disposal?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are memoranda different from executive orders?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A) Discuss how presidents have been usin...
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Executive orders are different from executive agreements because executive orders while executive agreements .

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