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Symbolic coding is


A) The second stage of attracting attention.
B) Where you rehearse in your mind how to "do it."
C) Part of the retention process.
D) A design method for assuring learning.

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The formula for performance (M X KSA X E.suggests


A) Only two of the three factors need to be favorable to obtain high performance.
B) If motivation is high and KSAs are adequate,at least moderate performance will be achieved.
C) If the environment is highly conducive to high performance,then motivation is not very important.
D) None of the above is correct.

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Which of the following statements about learning is true?


A) It is not closely tied to memory.
B) It is always observable.
C) It must be retained to be useful.
D) It is always measurable by testing.

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Resistance to learning occurs when


A) The trainee is not motivated.
B) The trainee does not have the necessary prerequisite KSAs.
C) The environment is not conducive to learning.
D) There is little or no supervisor support.
E) All of the above.

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Theories are


A) Useful for model building but impractical for practitioners.
B) Generally developed by all of us to help us understand how things work in our world.
C) Concrete steps in the "how-to" world.
D) Useful when they describe a set of facts and develop a logical rationale for what is likely to be true,given those facts.
E) Both B & D.

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Expectancy theory is the most popular need theory today.

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Relatedness is the middle need in Alderfer's needs theory.

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Which of these statements is true?


A) Maslow is known for his early work on Classical Conditioning
B) Alderfer developed a needs theory based on Pavlov's early work.
C) Existence needs are the highest order needs.
D) Relatedness reflects people's need to be valued by others.

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Two definitions of learning were presented in the text;one was behavioral and one was cognitive.Explain each and indicate the major difference between these definitions and what the training implications of each are.

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The behavioral definition of learning is...

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Which of the following statements about expectancy theory is true?


A) Expectancy 2 is related to self-efficacy.
B) Valence is the measure used for expectancy 1.
C) Expectancy 1 is 1.0 when related to a decision making (go vs.no go) process.
D) The valence of outcomes is the same for everyone.
E) Expectancy 1 is directly related to valence of outcomes.

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The _____ the self-efficacy,the _____ the performance.


A) Higher;worse
B) Higher;better
C) Lower;worse
D) Lower;better
E) All of the above are possible

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Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between training and self?efficacy?


A) The two concepts are not related.
B) Training can act to improve low self?efficacy only when employees have the required KSAs.
C) It is useful to assess trainee self?efficacy prior to training only.
D) Self?efficacy beliefs are a good predictor of learning in the training environment.

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Which of the following is true about studying motivation from a behaviorist approach?


A) It is most reflected in how the behaviorist approach describes the brain's function in learning.
B) It suggests that learning is not controlled by the environment.
C) It suggests that trainers control learning by controlling the stimuli and consequences that the learner experiences.
D) Bandura is the best-known contemporary behaviorist.

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Self-efficacy is an important concept in understanding motivation.

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In motivating trainees to learn,which of the following needs - existence,relatedness,or growth - should be the focus?


A) Existence
B) Relatedness
C) Growth
D) Both B & C
E) All of the above

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Performance is a function of motivation times KSAs.

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The best way to improve employee performance is to "copy" a successful organization's motivational tactics.

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Which of the following statements regarding self-efficacy is true?


A) Physical and emotional state is never a factor when estimating an employee's self?efficacy.
B) Those with high self?efficacy are also likely to be self?actualized.
C) Higher self?efficacy has little impact on actual performance.
D) Feelings about one's competency are reflected in the concept of self?efficacy.
E) Behavioral models are not able to influence an employee's self-efficacy.

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Which of the following statements is true regarding expectancy theory?


A) Expectancy 2 is the likelihood you will receive certain outcomes if you reach acceptable performance.
B) The values given for outcomes are represented by a value called expectancy 2.
C) Expectancy 1 is represented on a scale from 1 to 10 with 1 being the minimum.
D) Expectancy 2 is fixed in a person's mind and is extremely difficult to change.

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Gagné-Briggs' micro theory of instructional design


A) Is useful for understanding learning but not for development of training.
B) Is a guide for designing training events in each module of the training program.
C) Is similar to the ERG theory of motivation.
D) Focuses on the content of the training,not the training process.

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