Question 1

Which of the following molecules would you expect to have the most free energy per gram?

Accepted Answer

A)  one with carbon and hydrogen atoms only
B)  one with carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen atoms only
C)  one with a variety of atoms that are found in cells
D)  one with hydrogen and oxygen atoms only

Question 2

Which of the following structures is most consistent with Kawakubo's description of this antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)

Question 3

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?

Accepted Answer

A)  chitin
B)  cellulose
C)  peptidoglycan
D)  amylose

Question 4

Which of the following polysaccharides is made up of parallel strands joined together by hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen
B)  starch
C)  chitin
D)  peptidoglycan

Question 5

Which of the following can vary among monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of carbon atoms
B)  the presence of a carbonyl group
C)  the presence of hydroxyl groups
D)  all of the above A

Question 6

Enzymes that readily break starch apart cannot hydrolyze the glycosidic linkages found in cellulose.Why is this logical?

Accepted Answer

A)  The geometry of the bonds is different,and the shapes of enzyme active sites are highly specific.
B)  Starch is held together by hydrogen bonding,not covalent bonding.
C)  Cellulose molecules are highly branched,and enzymes are too bulky to fit.
D)  Starch is held together by peptide bonds,not glycosidic linkages.

Question 7

Which of the following polysaccharides is made up of parallel strands joined together by peptide bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen
B)  starch
C)  cellulose
D)  peptidoglycan

Question 8

An important step in utilizing complex carbohydrates as an energy source is to break their glycosidic linkages.This is necessary because the digestive system cannot absorb any carbohydrates larger than a monosaccharide.Using information in your textbook (Chapter 5 and the chapters on digestion),compile a list of at least five enzymes that can accomplish this.Identify each enzyme's substrate and reaction products.You may include enzymes found in any organism.

Accepted Answer

Essay

Question 9

In animals,the role of carbohydrate polymers is primarily

Accepted Answer

A)  body protection.
B)  information storage.
C)  energy storage.
D)  enzymes.

Question 10

Which of the following structural features is common to cellulose,chitin,and peptidoglycan?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are all composed of glucose in either the α or β form.
B)  They all contain peptide bonds.
C)  They can all form bonds between polymer chains that create parallel strands.
D)  They all form highly branched fibers.

Question 11

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-glycosidic linkages in glycogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  amylase
B)  phosphorylase
C)  glycolase

Question 12

Peptidoglycan forms sheets that stiffen the cell walls of bacteria.How is the formation of sheets possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  The polysaccharides in peptidoglycan are highly branched and form a network.
B)  The glycosidic linkages between monosaccharides in peptidoglycan are extraordinarily strong.
C)  Individual strands are joined by peptide bonds-a type of covalent bond.
D)  The polysaccharides in peptidoglycan form helical structures,as in cellulose.

Question 13

A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  an amino group
B)  a peptide bond
C)  a disulfide bond
D)  a β-pleated sheet

Question 14

Kawakubo's group created a glycoprotein with a terminal NAG (i.e.,a protein with NAG attached to its end) .Their hypothesis is that the terminal NAG-and not the protein component-is responsible for the damage to the cell wall in H.pylori.What would be the most appropriate control for testing this hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grow H.pylori in a test tube (in vitro) with no glycoprotein.
B)  Destroy the H.pylori by exposing them to a hypotonic solution.Then add the glycoprotein and observe.
C)  Expose other species of bacteria to the glycoprotein.
D)  Grow H.pylori in a test tube with glycoprotein that has its terminal NAG removed.

Question 15

If you were going to develop a new antibiotic,you would probably need to become an expert on which of these carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen
B)  chitin
C)  peptidoglycan
D)  cellulose
E)  starch C

Question 16

Why do endurance athletes practice "carbohydrate loading," meaning to eat massive amounts of starch in the days leading up to a long race?

Accepted Answer

A)  Starch is used as a building block for the synthesis of many other molecules.
B)  Starch provides dietary fiber or "roughage" that aids digestion.
C)  Carbohydrates are reduced molecules that can provide the chemical energy required during exercise.
D)  Starch can be used to synthesize cellulose and build up the cell walls of muscles.

Question 17

Dairy cattle were unknown in Thai culture until recently,and 97% percent of Thai people are lactose intolerant as adults.Which explanation for such widespread lactose intolerance is most likely correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allergies are becoming more common in humans as more chemicals are being encountered during longer lifetimes.
B)  Evolutionarily,producing an enzyme to break down a sugar that will never be encountered is wasteful.
C)  The ability to digest sugar in milk is determined by environment,and most humans are not exposed to milk as a food source beyond childhood years.
D)  There is no good explanation for this situation in humans.

Question 18

The term carbohydrate is appropriate because of which of the following characteristics of sugars?

Accepted Answer

A)  They all have the general formula (CH₂O) n.
B)  They all have the general formula (C₂H₂O₂) n.
C)  They all have the general formula (C₂HO) n.
D)  They all have the general formula (CHO₂) n.

Question 19

Which of the following sugars might have the formula C₆H₁₂O₆?

Accepted Answer

A)  triose
B)  pentose
C)  hexose
D)  heptose

Question 20

Compare the molecular formula of a carbohydrate (CH₂O) n with that of carbon dioxide (CO₂) .What does the presence of hydrogen atoms in carbohydrates indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates are more reduced than carbon dioxide.
B)  Carbohydrates are more oxidized than carbon dioxide.
C)  Every carbon atom in a carbohydrate is bonded to four different atoms.
D)  Carbohydrates contain a carbonyl functional group.

Exam 5: An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Which of the following molecules would you expect to have the most free energy per gram?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following structures is most consistent with Kawakubo's description of this antibiotic?

Correct Answer
verified

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following polysaccharides is made up of parallel strands joined together by hydrogen bonds?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following can vary among monosaccharides?

Correct Answer
verified
A

Enzymes that readily break starch apart cannot hydrolyze the glycosidic linkages found in cellulose.Why is this logical?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following polysaccharides is made up of parallel strands joined together by peptide bonds?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Essay

In animals,the role of carbohydrate polymers is primarily

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following structural features is common to cellulose,chitin,and peptidoglycan?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-glycosidic linkages in glycogen?

Correct Answer
verified

Peptidoglycan forms sheets that stiffen the cell walls of bacteria.How is the formation of sheets possible?

Correct Answer
verified

A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

If you were going to develop a new antibiotic,you would probably need to become an expert on which of these carbohydrates?

Correct Answer
verified
C

Why do endurance athletes practice "carbohydrate loading," meaning to eat massive amounts of starch in the days leading up to a long race?

Correct Answer
verified

Dairy cattle were unknown in Thai culture until recently,and 97% percent of Thai people are lactose intolerant as adults.Which explanation for such widespread lactose intolerance is most likely correct?

Correct Answer
verified

The term carbohydrate is appropriate because of which of the following characteristics of sugars?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following sugars might have the formula C₆H₁₂O₆?

Correct Answer
verified

Compare the molecular formula of a carbohydrate (CH₂O) n with that of carbon dioxide (CO₂) .What does the presence of hydrogen atoms in carbohydrates indicate?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Which of the following molecules would you expect to have the most free energy per gram?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following structures is most consistent with Kawakubo's description of this antibiotic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which polysaccharide is an important component in the structure of many animals and fungi?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following polysaccharides is made up of parallel strands joined together by hydrogen bonds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following can vary among monosaccharides?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Enzymes that readily break starch apart cannot hydrolyze the glycosidic linkages found in cellulose.Why is this logical?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following polysaccharides is made up of parallel strands joined together by peptide bonds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedEssay

In animals,the role of carbohydrate polymers is primarily

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following structural features is common to cellulose,chitin,and peptidoglycan?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the hydrolysis of α-glycosidic linkages in glycogen?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Peptidoglycan forms sheets that stiffen the cell walls of bacteria.How is the formation of sheets possible?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A glycosidic linkage is analogous to which of the following in proteins?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you were going to develop a new antibiotic,you would probably need to become an expert on which of these carbohydrates?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Why do endurance athletes practice "carbohydrate loading," meaning to eat massive amounts of starch in the days leading up to a long race?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dairy cattle were unknown in Thai culture until recently,and 97% percent of Thai people are lactose intolerant as adults.Which explanation for such widespread lactose intolerance is most likely correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term carbohydrate is appropriate because of which of the following characteristics of sugars?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following sugars might have the formula C₆H₁₂O₆?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare the molecular formula of a carbohydrate (CH₂O) n with that of carbon dioxide (CO₂) .What does the presence of hydrogen atoms in carbohydrates indicate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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Essay

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C

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