A) Sensory systems are characterized by hierarchical organization.
B) Each level of the organization contains structurally distinct cortical areas.
C) Each level of the organization contains functionally distinct cortical areas.
D) The processing of sensory information occurs in parallel throughout the cortex.
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A) The 'blind" spot that appears when the primary visual cortex is damaged.
B) A tumor that appears only in the retina.
C) The layered structure at the back of the eye that contains five different types of cells.
D) The inability to correctly name objects.
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A) amacrine cells
B) cone receptors
C) horizontal cells
D) retinal ganglion cells
E) bipolar cells
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A) Both disorders are unable to correctly copy a drawing, but only persons with optic aphasia are able to realize that they are showing poor performance.
B) Those with associative visual agnosia may also show difficulties in recognizing colour but a person with optic aphasia never has these difficulties.
C) Those with associative visual agnosia usually cannot correctly mimic the use of the object, whereas those who exhibit optic aphasia usually can pantomime the object's use, despite their inability to name it.
D) Those with associative visual agnosia can correctly name musical instruments whereas those with optic aphasia cannot.
E) Optic aphasia is a result of damage to the primary visual cortex whereas associative visual agnosia can occur from damage to a variety of different regions.
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C
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A) The retinal ganglion cells in the nasal hemiretina project ipsilaterally to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and the retinal ganglion cells in the temporal hemiretina project contralaterally to the lateral geniculate nucleus.
B) The retinal ganglion cells in the nasal hemiretina project ipsilaterally to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and the retinal ganglion cells in the temporal hemiretina project ipsilaterally to the lateral geniculate nucleus.
C) The retinal ganglion cells in the nasal hemiretina project contralaterally to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and the retinal ganglion cells in the temporal hemiretina project contralaterally to the lateral geniculate nucleus.
D) The retinal ganglion cells in the nasal hemiretina project contralaterally to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and the retinal ganglion cells in the temporal hemiretina project ipsilaterally to the lateral geniculate nucleus.
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A) primary visual cortex
B) secondary visual cortex
C) association cortex
D) ventral visual stream
E) dorsal visual stream
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A
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A) The cells in this region are specialized for processing spatial relations.
B) This region is responsible for perceiving figure ground separation.
C) The neurons in this region are responsive to both visual fields, which allows for the computation of an object's exact position in space.
D) The neurons in this region appear to be able tot rack moving objects and respond differentially to the direction and speed of the movement.
E) This region is responsible for creating stable maps of the world and placing items within this map.
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B
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A) From V2, there are projections forward to the V1, then V3, then on to the V4 complex.
B) V4 is, in a sense, the gateway to the higher cortical areas.
C) The left lateral geniculate nucleus sends axons to the right V1, whereas the right lateral geniculate nucleus sends axons to the left V1.
D) The middle temporal region sends its projections dorsally to the parietal lobe.
E) The V1 complex sends its projections ventrally to the temporal lobe
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A) visual shift
B) binocular difference
C) left field advantage
D) binocular disparity
E) visual disparity
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A) optic aphasia
B) anoxia
C) anomia
D) alexia
E) agnosia
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A) V3
B) V2
C) the lateral geniculate nucleus
D) a and c only
E) All of the above.
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A) agraphia without alexia
B) alexia without agraphia
C) agnosia without agraphia
D) anomia without alexia
E) alexia without anomia
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A) are responsible for vision that provides rich details.
B) very sensitive to movement.
C) typically active in low level light.
D) have a low acuity.
E) multiple rods synapse on one bipolar cell
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A) The primary sensory cortex is the first part of the cortex that receives information relayed from the senses through the thalamus.
B) The primary sensory has the most direct access to the information provided by the sensory systems.
C) The primary sensory cortex sends information to secondary sensory cortical areas.
D) a and b are both false.
E) None of the above are false.
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A) particular visual agnosia
B) exclusive visual agnosia
C) category-specific visual agnosia
D) class-specific visual agnosia
E) limited-aspect visual agnosia
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A) what
B) where
C) when
D) who
E) how
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A) optic aphasia
B) apperceptive visual agnosia
C) anomia
D) associative visual agnosia
E) prosopagnosia
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A) send visual messages to the V1, V2 and V3.
B) are specialized for processing spatial information and respond differentially to the direction and speed of movement.
C) respond selectively to objects and appear to be unaffected by changes in position or orientation.
D) integrate motor commands with spatial information.
E) integrates the information being received from the dorsal and ventral streams.
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A) A spatially/orientation sensitive system and a movement selective system.
B) A light/dark selective system and a spatially/orientation sensitive system.
C) A colour selective system and a spatially/orientation sensitive system.
D) A colour selective system and a movement selective system.
E) A light/dark selective system and a movement selective system.
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A) This region appears to prefer specific velocities of motion and it is hypothesized that this region may be functionally involved in the tracking of moving objects through space.
B) This region is responsive to color and orientation and sends its projections ventrally to the temporal lobes for further processing.
C) This region is responsive to movement and sends its projections dorsally to the posterior parietal cortex for further processing.
D) The thick stripes on V3 received information from the M pathway and are primarily concerned with movement.
E) Much of V3 is concerned with responding to colour, movement orientation and other information that is passed on through the M and P pathways.
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