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In the view of Carl Rogers, anxiety and unhappiness result from


A) the lack of reinforcers that are available in one's daily life.
B) unresolved conflicts stemming from early childhood.
C) conflicts between naturally positive self-images and negative external criticisms.
D) the false belief that people have the freedom to choose what they will become.

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As a group, behavior therapies give primary importance to


A) thoughts and inner drives.
B) desires, motivation, interests, and will.
C) the self, and those objects that enhance the development of the self.
D) learning and observable actions.

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A husband and wife are experiencing marital difficulties. If they go to couple therapy, the emphasis of their work will probably focus on their


A) unsatisfying sexual practices.
B) poor communication patterns.
C) differences in ethical and moral values.
D) severe psychopathology.

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B

One of the most important paradigm shifts in mental health care in recent years is supplementing treatment with __________.

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A therapist is helping a client to restructure the way she thinks and to alter her distorted self-statements. It sounds as though this therapist is using ________ therapy.


A) biomedical
B) humanistic
C) psychodynamic
D) cognitive

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Melanie Klein contended that there are two fundamental organizing forces in the psyche: __________, which unites the psyche, and hate, which __________.

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love; spli...

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A man who is very overweight is trying to cut down on the amount of food that he eats. He wears a thick rubber band on his wrist and whenever he finds himself in the kitchen, he snaps the rubber band, causing a sharp pain. The man is using a technique that has a strong similarity to


A) systematic desensitization.
B) flooding.
C) self-injurious therapy.
D) aversion therapy.

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D

Unconditional positive regard, genuineness, and empathy for their clients characterize the approach of those who practice ________ therapy.


A) rational-emotive
B) client-centered
C) social-learning
D) behavior

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The "talking cure," in which people are helped to develop insightful connections between symptoms and unresolved hidden conflicts, is most closely associated with the ________ approach to psychotherapy.


A) cognitive
B) psychodynamic
C) humanistic
D) behavioral

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Which of the following views of mental illness would be of LEAST interest to a psychotherapist?


A) Mental illness is based on unresolved conflicts and psychological trauma.
B) Deficiencies in certain brain chemicals are the primary reason why depression occurs.
C) Antisocial personality disorder develops when a person is reinforced for his or her aggressive tendencies.
D) A person keeps himself in a state of anxiety because of certain self-defeating thoughts.

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Which of the following statements best illustrates the concept of self-efficacy?


A) I can do this well.
B) I did what I wanted to.
C) The therapist does not act fearful.
D) I know I am going to have trouble.

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A man is on a diet-and-exercise program. Whenever he loses a pound of body fat, he puts $10 aside to be used to buy himself new golf clubs. The man is taking part in what behavior therapists would call


A) a positive reinforcement strategy.
B) shaping.
C) aversion therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

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After years of study, researchers have concluded that psychodynamic therapy is still the best alternative when making a choice regarding clinical intervention.

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A student has some problems that have led her to seek professional help. She has decided that she would like to speak with someone who combines spirituality with practical problem-solving advice. The student is most likely to find that a ________ is what she is looking for.


A) pastoral counselor
B) psychiatrist
C) clinical social worker
D) counseling psychologist

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The field of therapy must appear to be a bewildering maze of choices to the average citizen. Suppose someone asks you to make sense out of this maze. Can you state the basic goals of the therapeutic process, list the major approaches, and describe the major types of therapists and therapeutic settings?

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Goals include: reaching a diagnosis; pro...

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Suppose a friend of yours is afraid of snakes. On the basis of the research discussed in the textbook, if you had to counsel your friend as to the most effective strategy for eliminating his fear, you should suggest


A) participant modeling.
B) symbolic modeling.
C) desensitization.
D) psychoanalysis.

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Contingency management is a general treatment strategy that is based on


A) operant conditioning.
B) classical conditioning.
C) aversion therapy.
D) the modification of thought processes.

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A therapist concentrates on changing the behaviors that people have learned. He also deals with what his clients say are their thoughts and values, and their interpretations of events. Based on this description, this kind of therapy does NOT seem to contain elements that would characterize it as


A) biomedical.
B) humanistic.
C) cognitive.
D) behavioral.

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__________ refers to what happens when a therapist comes to like or dislike a patient because the patient is perceived as similar to significant people in the therapist's life.

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Countertransference

Because a central goal of the therapist is to help the patient understand the relationships between present symptoms and repressed conflicts, psychodynamic therapy is often called


A) reconstructive therapy.
B) catharsis.
C) transference.
D) insight therapy.

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