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A glacier will begin to flow when the ice reaches a critical thickness of___________ meters.

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The primary difference between valley glaciers and continental ice sheets is that


A) the ice sheets do not flow
B) the valley glaciers form at high altitudes while the ice sheets form at high latitudes
C) the valley glaciers form in warm periods as well as cold periods
D) the ice sheets initially develop at the poles and valley glaciers can develop in any mountain chain
E) ice sheets are larger than valley glaciers

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Which of the following deposits or depositional landforms might generally be found along the terminus of a valley glacier?


A) u-shaped trough, terminal and recessional moraines, outwash
B) terminal and recessional moraines, kettles, hanging valleys
C) roche moutonnée, terminal and recessional moraines, outwash
D) striations, eskers, outwash
E) terminal and recessional moraines, outwash, till

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Glaciers advance under which of the following set of conditions?


A) accumulation equals wastage
B) accumulation is less than wastage
C) accumulation is greater than wastage
D) none of the above

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The vast expanse of the Pleistocene glaciers and the limited extent of valley glaciers show that continental glaciers and ice caps flow more rapidly than valley glaciers.

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Why is predicting glacial surges considered important?

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Surges can endanger humans and...

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___________ ___________ of a glacier is facilitated by the presence of___________, which reduces basal friction.

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Basil slip...

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Can glaciers occur in the equatorial latitudes? Explain your

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Glaciers can occur even at equ...

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Glaciers exist at


A) high latitudes and/or high altitudes
B) high latitudes and/or low altitudes
C) low latitudes and/or high altitudes
D) low latitudes and/or low altitudes

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The difference between glacial till and outwash is the removal of the fine fraction by running water.

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Where might you find some present examples of ice caps?

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on Iceland and some ...

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Glaciologists believe a glacial surge might be enhanced


A) plastic flow following periods of unusually heavy snowfall
B) basal slip due to increased slope of the glacier
C) by rapid melting along the base of the ice
D) A and B
E) all of the above

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When were the present glacial landscapes mainly formed?

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during the Pleistoce...

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What is the distinction between a proglacial lake and a pluvial lake, and how does each form?

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A proglacial lake forms by mel...

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Short-term climatic events such as the Little Ice Age may result from


A) a combination of one or more factors in the Milankovitch theory
B) anomalous tectonic plate configurations
C) variations in solar energy
D) sun spot activity
E) large volcanic eruptions

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Name four different types of moraines.

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any four of the foll...

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According to the Milankovitch theory, what appears to explain the twenty periodic warm-cold cycles of the Pleistocene?

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a 100,000 year cycle...

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How long ago did glacial conditions really begin, with cooling of Southern Hemisphere surface waters?

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about 40 m...

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A glacier advances when ___________exceeds ___________.

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accumulati...

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What kind of glacial erosional landform is the Matterhorn in Switzerland?

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