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For ideas and inventions to be innovative, they must first be commercialized.

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In the United States, the time period for the right to exclude others from the use of a patented technology is ________ from the filing date of a patent application.


A) 20 years
B) 25 months
C) 15 months
D) 25 years

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The strategic objective of a first mover during the introduction stage of the industry life cycle is to


A) pursue a harvest strategy.
B) survive by drawing on deep pockets.
C) achieve market acceptance.
D) lower entry barriers.

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The four-step innovation process ends with


A) idea generation.
B) invention.
C) idea testing.
D) imitation.

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The customers entering the market in the growth stage are primarily


A) technology enthusiasts.
B) laggards.
C) early adopters.
D) late majority.

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C

The leading producer of cell phone backup batteries, Jumpstart, has achieved great success because they produce high-quality battery backups that are not too expensive. Even so, another company that produces lower-quality batteries at the same price has also achieved some success, but not as much as Jumpstart. Also, in general, the price of backup batteries has declined because of economies of scale and learning. In addition, Jumpstart has added complementary assets, such as a carrying case. Considering all of these factors, the backup battery industry is most likely in the


A) introduction stage.
B) growth stage.
C) shakeout stage.
D) maturity stage.

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A(n) ________ leverages new technologies to attack existing markets.


A) disruptive innovation
B) incremental innovation
C) radical innovation
D) architectural innovation

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When a firm pursues a maintain strategy, it


A) exits a declining industry to maintain the goodwill of its overall brand name.
B) reduces investments in product support and allocates only a minimum of human and other resources.
C) continues to support marketing efforts even if the demand for the product is declining.
D) chooses to consolidate the industry by buying rival firms, those who plan to exit.

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Canon was able to redesign the copying machine so that it didn't need professional service-reliability was built directly into the machine, and the user could replace parts, such as the cartridge. What Xerox had not envisioned was the possibility that the components of the copying machine could be put together in an altogether different way that was more user-friendly. This example describes


A) architectural innovation.
B) incremental innovation.
C) radical innovation.
D) disruptive innovation.

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A

DigitalHealth Electronics Inc. is a company that builds diagnostic devices. It was the first company to develop a compact MRI scanner by reconfiguring the components of the MRI technology. This smaller and user-friendly version of the huge MRI scanner created demand from small hospitals, nursing homes, and private practice doctors who were earlier dependent on the scanning machines in large hospitals. Which of the following types of innovations does this scenario best illustrate?


A) disruptive innovation
B) incremental innovation
C) radical innovation
D) architectural innovation

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Foot Friendly is a manufacturer of athletic shoes. It has released an improved version of its premier running shoe in markets in which the company already operates. Which of the following types of innovations does this scenario best illustrate?


A) radical innovation
B) incremental innovation
C) architectural innovation
D) disruptive innovation

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B

Intel's Celeron chip and Atom chip are initiatives to


A) introduce a new product in a new market to extend its leadership.
B) guard the company against disruptive innovation by protecting the low end of the market.
C) stall its own disruption strategies and wait for its rivals to introduce disruptive forces.
D) target that section of the market that is not particularly price sensitive.

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Which of the following customer segments as described in the chasm framework make up the mass market?


A) the early and late majority together
B) the early adopters alone
C) the technology enthusiasts and laggards together
D) the technology enthusiasts alone

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Process innovation typically overtakes product innovation in importance during the shakeout stage of the industry life cycle.

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Innovation and strategic entrepreneurship can only occur within new businesses.

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How is process innovation different from product innovation?

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Product innovations, as the name suggest...

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Edna Gomez is the founder of the restaurant chain Good and Green. She ensures that the products in her stores are ethically and responsibly sourced. Most products are therefore 100 percent organic and all packaging is manufactured from recycled material. Also, her company sources ingredients from farms within 100 miles from her locations. Edna's belief is that her restaurants should be able to support the community at large. Which of the following terms best describes Edna Gomez?


A) headhunter
B) category captain
C) social entrepreneur
D) trade creditor

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Which of the following statements accurately brings out the difference between technology enthusiasts and early adopters?


A) While the customer segment in the introduction stage consists of early adopters, the customers entering the market in the growth stage are technology enthusiasts.
B) Unlike technology enthusiasts, early adopters' demand is fueled more by intuition and vision rather than technology concerns.
C) While early adopters make up the smallest market segment, technology enthusiasts make up the mass market.
D) Firms need to communicate products' potential applications in a more direct way when attracting technology enthusiasts rather than early adopters.

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Marble Inc. is a new firm that entered the smartwatch industry during the growth stage of the industry life cycle. It managed to become one of the top-three smartwatch manufacturers during the shakeout stage due to its low-cost structure. What features should Marble emphasize in its product marketing to ensure it successfully crosses the chasm into the maturity stage?


A) advanced capabilities
B) the company's outsider status
C) sleek and trendy design
D) ease of use

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Which of the following business models in the landscaping industry is likely to scale most efficiently?


A) a company that offers three different bundles of services at a low, medium, and high price point depending on the level of care required by the customer
B) a company that deploys a team of both skilled and unskilled landscapers to each customer's location regardless of their needs
C) a company that charges the same hourly rate for landscaping services no matter what the situation requires
D) a company that allows users of its website to schedule appointments with landscapers who specialize in the exact service required

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