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If a firm finds the demand for one of its products is inelastic,it can increase its total revenues by


A) lowering its price.
B) increasing fixed costs only.
C) increasing variable costs only.
D) increasing both fixed and variable costs.
E) raising its price.

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The owner of a small restaurant that sells takeout fried chicken and biscuits each month pays $2,500 in rent,$500 in utilities,$750 interest on his loan,insurance premium of $200,and $250 on advertising on local buses.A bucket of chicken is priced at $9.50.Unit variable costs for the bucket of chicken are $5.50.How many buckets of chicken does the restaurant need to sell to break even each month?


A) 442 buckets
B) 764 buckets
C) 1,050 buckets
D) 3,150 buckets
E) 4,200 buckets

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Competitors' prices are important only if a prospective buyer knows about those prices and


A) can act to purchase them easily.
B) there is an oligopoly in the industry.
C) is part of a price-sensitive market segment.
D) the product is at the maturity stage of the product life cycle.
E) is likely to spread information via word of mouth.

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Washburn Guitars recently purchased Parker Guitar,another guitar manufacturer that designs products for professionals and collectors,and will combine the two production facilities into a new location.Washburn expects the acquisition to reduce its rent and tax expenses by 40 percent,and the new skilled employees will reduce the hours of work needed for each unit by 15 percent.This would cause the slope of the total cost curve to ________ and the break-even quantity to


A) decrease;stay the same.
B) decrease;increase.
C) increase;increase.
D) stay the same;increase.
E) decrease;decrease.

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Total cost refers to


A) the sum of the expenses of the firm that are stable and do not change with the quantity of a product that is produced and sold.
B) the change in expenses that results from producing and marketing one additional unit of a product.
C) the average amount of money received for selling one unit of a product or simply the price of that unit.
D) the sum of the expenses of the firm that vary directly with the quantity of a product that is produced and sold.
E) the total expense incurred by a firm in producing and marketing a product,which equals the sum of fixed cost and variable cost.

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Which of the following would be an example of a constraint in Step 1 of the price-setting process?


A) We can rely on our reputation for our other products in the line.
B) Experts are predicting a surge in global demand.
C) We need to make allowances for large quantity orders.
D) We should increase the price during the holiday shopping season.
E) We're going to face some aggressive competition.

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Which of the following statements regarding a market share pricing objective is most accurate?


A) A market share objective is often difficult for product managers since stockholders are looking for immediate dividends (return of profits) .
B) Although increased market share is a primary goal of some firms,others see it as a means to other ends,such as increased sales or profits.
C) Selecting market share as a pricing objective is particularly effective if industry sales are rising.
D) An advantage of market share as a pricing objective is that it is particularly insensitive to competitors' actions.
E) Ironically,a market share objective is realized by raising prices in order to increase consumer confidence during the decline stage of a product's life cycle.

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For the sake of simplicity and by convention,price elasticity figures are shown as


A) positive numbers (0.64,1.25,etc. ) .
B) negative numbers (−0.64,−1.25,etc. ) .
C) Greek letters (∑,∏,etc. ) .
D) Roman numerals (I,V,X,etc. ) .
E) English consonants (P,Q,TR,etc. ) .

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According to the price equation,final price equals ________ minus incentives and allowances plus extra fees.


A) salaries
B) list price
C) profits
D) trade-ins
E) taxes

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The practice of exchanging products and services for other products and services rather than for money is referred to as


A) barter.
B) reciprocal pricing.
C) virtual pricing.
D) balance of payments.
E) value-pricing.

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Which of the following is a typical example of a variable cost?


A) shipping costs
B) rent on a building
C) executive salaries
D) insurance premiums
E) leases on delivery trucks

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Forever Quilting makes quilting kits priced at $120.The costs of the materials that go into each kit total $45.It costs $5 in labor to assemble a kit.The company has monthly expenses of $1,000 for rent and insurance,$200 for heat and electricity,$500 for advertising,and $4,500 for the monthly salary of its owner.Forever Quilting's unit variable cost for its kits is


A) $5.
B) $45.
C) $50.
D) $120.
E) $170.

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Figure 13-3 Figure 13-3    -In Figure 13-3 above,column A represents which type of competitive market? A) an oligopoly B) monopolistic competition C) a pure monopoly D) pure competition E) oligopolistic competition -In Figure 13-3 above,column A represents which type of competitive market?


A) an oligopoly
B) monopolistic competition
C) a pure monopoly
D) pure competition
E) oligopolistic competition

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Which of the following illustrates movement along the demand curve?


A) Demand increases due to a drop in price.
B) Demand increases due to a competitor leaving the market.
C) Demand increases due to consumer tastes changing.
D) Demand increases due to a competitor increasing its prices.
E) Demand increases due to an increase in consumer incomes.

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There are four major cereal brands-Kellogg's,Quaker,General Mills,and Post-that seem to occupy most of the shelf space in a typical grocery store.These cereals are all priced about the same.There is a good deal of product differentiation,from characters to different health claims.The cereal industry is an example of what type of competitive market?


A) a pure monopoly
B) monopolistic competition
C) pure competition
D) monopolistic oligopoly
E) an oligopoly

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Which of the following statements is most accurate?


A) Nonprofit organizations are exempt from having to cover the costs of producing and/or marketing their products.
B) Socially responsible corporations should have the pricing constraint of covering all costs of producing and marketing their products,but they should not price their products to earn a profit.
C) Marketers must ensure that firms in their channels of distribution make an adequate profit or they will be cut off from their customers.
D) Price elasticity of demand makes it virtually impossible for companies to cover all their marketing and production costs at all times.
E) Marketing and production costs are the most difficult and expensive aspect of pricing because they draw so much capital away from other departments in the organization.

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Figure 13-3 Figure 13-3    -In Figure 13-3 above,column C represents which type of competitive market? A) an oligopoly B) monopolistic competition C) a pure monopoly D) pure competition E) oligopolistic competition -In Figure 13-3 above,column C represents which type of competitive market?


A) an oligopoly
B) monopolistic competition
C) a pure monopoly
D) pure competition
E) oligopolistic competition

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Which of the following statements about the factors that influence demand is true?


A) As the availability of close substitutes increases,the demand for a product increases.
B) As real consumer income increases,the demand for a product increases.
C) As the price of close substitutes increases,the demand for a product declines.
D) Changing consumer tastes have little impact on the demand for a product.
E) As real consumer income decreases,the demand for a product increases.

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A reference value is developed by the consumer through


A) considering the amount of time and energy a consumer puts into the purchase process.
B) judging the value assigned to similar items used by the consumer's peers.
C) performing a careful break-even analysis.
D) comparing the costs and benefits of substitute items.
E) examining the true difference between customers' "needs" and "wants."

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Describe a profit objective used by many Japanese manufacturing firms.

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Managing for long-run profits is a prici...

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